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NeurIPS 2025

Counteractive RL: Rethinking Core Principles for Efficient and Scalable Deep Reinforcement Learning

Conference Paper Main Conference Track Artificial Intelligence · Machine Learning

Abstract

Following the pivotal success of learning strategies to win at tasks, solely by interacting with an environment without any supervision, agents have gained the ability to make sequential decisions in complex MDPs. Yet, reinforcement learning policies face exponentially growing state spaces in high dimensional MDPs resulting in a dichotomy between computational complexity and policy success. In our paper we focus on the agent’s interaction with the environment in a high-dimensional MDP during the learning phase and we introduce a theoretically-founded novel paradigm based on experiences obtained through counteractive actions. Our analysis and method provide a theoretical basis for efficient, effective, scalable and accelerated learning, and further comes with zero additional computational complexity while leading to significant acceleration in training. We conduct extensive experiments in the Arcade Learning Environment with high-dimensional state representation MDPs. The experimental results further verify our theoretical analysis, and our method achieves significant performance increase with substantial sample-efficiency in high-dimensional environments.

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Context

Venue
Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems
Archive span
1987-2025
Indexed papers
30776
Paper id
970183217873142991
v2026.09.13