Fast range scanner using an optic RAM

A range scanner which calculates ranges by triangulation between the incident angles of laser stripes and the positions of their images on a camera sensor was developed for robotic applications. It uses a solid-state image sensor called Optic RAM instead of a CCD sensor. This sensor chip has three desirable characteristics for the position detection of laser stripes in images: it thresholds the image, detecting only the brighter stripes in binary form; it is an image memory; and pixel values can be addressed randomly in the image. Thus, the design does not require an A/D converter or a frame buffer and is consequently inexpensive. For improved performance, only the image region next to the previous stripe location is searched, and a 64-KB lookup table stored in RAM is indexed by incident laser angles and stripe addresses to output range data. A 128*256 range image is produced in about 20 s. This is reasonably fast considering that this process requires analyzing 256 images. The speed bottleneck is the low sensitivity of the optic RAM chip, which requires a long exposure time per frame (60 ms), corresponding to half the standard video frame rate. Simple calibration methods using planar patterns of parallel lines are presented. >

Authors

• Tsutomu Ito
• Daniel DeMenthon
• Larry S. Davis

Keywords

• Optical sensors
• Read-write memory
• Optical buffering
• Image sensors
• Sensor phenomena and characterization
• Robot vision systems
• Cameras
• Robot sensing systems
• Solid state circuits
• Charge coupled devices
• Focal Length
• Lookup Table
• Calibration Method
• Image Distortion
• Regeneration Buffer
• Planar Pattern
• Aspect Ratio
• Laser Beam
• Optical Axis
• Imaging Center
• Laser Source
• Light Sensitivity
• Principal Plane
• Light Sheet
• Transparency Window
• Conversion Table
• Laser Sheet
• Light Stripe
• System Clock
• Static Random Access Memory
• Angled Mirror
• Home Position