Is Your (Reasoning) Multimodal Language Model Vulnerable Toward Distractions?

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved success in tasks such as visual question answering, yet their resilience to distractions remains underexplored. Understanding how distractions affect VLMs' performance is crucial for real-world applications, as input data often contains noisy or irrelevant content. This paper assesses the robustness of VLMs—including general-purpose models and those specialized for reasoning—against distractions in the context of science question answering. We introduce I-ScienceQA, a new benchmark based on the ScienceQA dataset, which systematically injects distractions into both visual and textual contexts. We evaluate how distractions perturb the underlying reasoning processes of these models by analyzing changes in textual explanations leading to answers. Our findings show that most VLMs are vulnerable to distractions, with a noticeable degradation in reasoning when extraneous content is present. In particular, some models (including GPT-o4 mini) exhibit a higher degree of robustness. We also observe that textual distractions generally cause greater performance declines than visual distractions. Finally, we explore mitigation strategies such as prompt engineering. Although these strategies improve resilience modestly, our analysis highlights considerable room for further improvement in the robustness of VLMs.

Authors

• Ming Liu
• Hao Chen
• Jindong Wang
• Liwen Wang Anhui University, Hefei, China
• Jingchen Sun State University of New York at Buffalo
• Wensheng Zhang

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