GLANCE: Global Actions in a Nutshell for Counterfactual Explainability

The widespread deployment of machine learning systems in critical real-world decision-making applications has highlighted the urgent need for counterfactual explainability methods that operate effectively. Global counterfactual explanations, expressed as actions to offer recourse, aim to provide succinct explanations and insights applicable to large population subgroups. High effectiveness, measured by the fraction of the population that is provided recourse, ensures that the actions benefit as many individuals as possible. Keeping the cost of actions low ensures the proposed recourse actions remain practical and actionable. Limiting the number of actions that provide global counterfactuals is essential to maximize interpretability. The primary challenge, therefore, is to balance these trade-offs—maximizing effectiveness, minimizing cost, while maintaining a small number of actions. We introduce GLANCE, a versatile and adaptive algorithm that employs a novel agglomerative approach, jointly considering both the feature space and the space of counterfactual actions, thereby accounting for the distribution of points in a way that aligns with the model's structure. This design enables the careful balancing of the trade-offs among the three key objectives, with the size objective functioning as a tunable parameter to keep the actions few and easy to interpret. Our extensive experimental evaluation demonstrates that GLANCE consistently shows greater robustness and performance compared to existing methods across various datasets and models.

Authors

• Loukas Kavouras Information Management Systems Institute, Athena Research Center, Greece
• Eleni Psaroudaki Information Management Systems Institute, Athena Research Center, Greece National Technical University of Athens, Greece
• Konstantinos Tsopelas Information Management Systems Institute, Athena Research Center, Greece
• Dimitrios Rontogiannis Max Planck Institute for Software Systems, Kaiserslautern, Germany
• Nikolaos Theologitis Information Management Systems Institute, Athena Research Center, Greece
• Dimitris Sacharidis Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium FARI Institute, Belgium
• Giorgos Giannopoulos Information Management Systems Institute, Athena Research Center, Greece
• Dimitrios Tomaras Athens University of Economics and Business, Greece
• Kleopatra Markou National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
• Dimitrios Gunopulos National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
• Dimitris Fotakis National Technical University of Athens Archimedes/Athena RC
• Ioannis Emiris Information Management Systems Institute, Athena Research Center, Greece National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece

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