Author name cluster

Zheng Ge

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13 papers

2 author rows

ICLR Conference 2025 Conference Paper

DreamBench++: A Human-Aligned Benchmark for Personalized Image Generation

Yuang Peng
Yuxin Cui
Haomiao Tang
Zekun Qi
Runpei Dong
Jing Bai
Chunrui Han
Zheng Ge

Personalized image generation holds great promise in assisting humans in everyday work and life due to its impressive function in creatively generating personalized content. However, current evaluations either are automated but misalign with humans or require human evaluations that are time-consuming and expensive. In this work, we present DreamBench++, a human-aligned benchmark that advanced multimodal GPT models automate. Specifically, we systematically design the prompts to let GPT be both human-aligned and self-aligned, empowered with task reinforcement. Further, we construct a comprehensive dataset comprising diverse images and prompts. By benchmarking 7 modern generative models, we demonstrate that \dreambench results in significantly more human-aligned evaluation, helping boost the community with innovative findings.

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NeurIPS Conference 2025 Conference Paper

GUI Exploration Lab: Enhancing Screen Navigation in Agents via Multi-Turn Reinforcement Learning

Haolong Yan
Yeqing Shen
Xin Huang
Jia Wang
Kaijun Tan
Zhixuan Liang
Hongxin Li
Zheng Ge

With the rapid development of Large Vision Language Models, the focus of Graphical User Interface (GUI) agent tasks shifts from single-screen tasks to complex screen navigation challenges. However, real-world GUI environments, such as PC software and mobile Apps, are often complex and proprietary, making it difficult to obtain the comprehensive environment information needed for agent training and evaluation. This limitation hinders systematic investigation and benchmarking of agent navigation capabilities. To address this limitation, we introduce GUI Exploration Lab, a simulation environment engine for GUI agent navigation research that enables flexible definition and composition of screens, icons, and navigation graphs, while providing full access to environment information for comprehensive agent training and evaluation. Through extensive experiments, we find that supervised fine-tuning enables effective memorization of fundamental knowledge, serving as a crucial foundation for subsequent training. Building on this, single-turn reinforcement learning further enhances generalization to unseen scenarios. Finally, multi-turn reinforcement learning encourages the development of exploration strategies through interactive trial and error, leading to further improvements in screen navigation performance. We validate our methods on both static and interactive benchmarks, demonstrating that our findings generalize effectively to real-world scenarios. These findings demonstrate the advantages of reinforcement learning approaches in GUI navigation and offer practical guidance for building more capable and generalizable GUI agents.

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NeurIPS Conference 2025 Conference Paper

Open Vision Reasoner: Transferring Linguistic Cognitive Behavior for Visual Reasoning

Yana Wei
Liang Zhao
Jianjian Sun
Kangheng Lin
jisheng yin
Jingcheng Hu
Yinmin Zhang
En Yu

The remarkable reasoning capability of large language models (LLMs) stems from cognitive behaviors that emerge through reinforcement with verifiable rewards. This work investigates how to transfer this principle to Multimodal LLMs (MLLMs) to unlock advanced visual reasoning. We introduce a two-stage paradigm built on Qwen2. 5-VL-7B: a massive linguistic cold-start fine-tuning, followed by multimodal reinforcement learning (RL) spanning nearly 1, 000 steps—surpassing all previous open-source efforts in scale. This pioneering work reveals three fundamental insights: 1) Behavior transfer emerges surprisingly early in cold start due to linguistic mental imagery. 2) Cold start broadly memorizes visual behaviors, while RL critically discerns and scales up effective patterns. 3) Transfer strategically favors high-utility behaviors such as visual reflection. Our resulting model, Open-Vision-Reasoner (OVR), achieves state-of-the-art performance on a suite of reasoning benchmarks, including 95. 3% on MATH500, 51. 8% on MathVision and 54. 6% on MathVerse. We release our model, data, and training dynamics to catalyze the development of more capable, behavior-aligned multimodal reasoners.

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ICML Conference 2025 Conference Paper

Perception in Reflection

Yana Wei
Liang Zhao
Kangheng Lin
En Yu
Yuang Peng
Runpei Dong
Jianjian Sun
Haoran Wei

We present a perception in reflection paradigm designed to transcend the limitations of current large vision-language models (LVLMs), which are expected yet often fail to achieve perfect perception initially. Specifically, we propose Reflective Perception (RePer), a dual-model reflection mechanism that systematically alternates between policy and critic models, enables iterative refinement of visual perception. This framework is powered by Reflective Perceptual Learning (RPL), which reinforces intrinsic reflective capabilities through a methodically constructed visual reflection dataset and reflective unlikelihood training Comprehensive experimental evaluation demonstrates RePer’s quantifiable improvements in image understanding, captioning precision, and hallucination reduction. Notably, RePer achieves strong alignment between model attention patterns and human visual focus, while RPL optimizes fine-grained and free-form preference alignment. These advancements establish perception in reflection as a robust paradigm for future multimodal agents, particularly in tasks requiring complex reasoning and multi-step manipulation. Project Page: https: //weiyana. github. io/Perception-in-Reflection

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NeurIPS Conference 2025 Conference Paper

Perception-R1: Pioneering Perception Policy with Reinforcement Learning

En Yu
Kangheng Lin
Liang Zhao
jisheng yin
Yana Wei
Yuang Peng
Haoran Wei
Jianjian Sun

Inspired by the success of DeepSeek-R1, we explore the potential of rule-based reinforcement learning (RL) in MLLM post-training for perception policy learning. While promising, our initial experiments reveal that incorporating a thinking process through RL does not consistently lead to performance gains across all visual perception tasks. This leads us to delve into the essential role of RL in the context of visual perception. In this work, we return to the fundamentals and explore the effects of RL on different perception tasks. We observe that the perceptual perplexity is a major factor in determining the effectiveness of RL. We also observe that reward design plays a crucial role in further approaching the upper limit of model perception. To leverage these findings, we propose Perception-R1, a scalable RL framework using GRPO during MLLM post-training. With a standard Qwen2-VL-2B-Instruct, Perception-R1 achieves +4. 2% on RefCOCO+, +17. 9% on PixMo-Count, +4. 2% on PageOCR, and notably, 31. 9% AP on COCO2017 val for the first time, establishing a strong baseline for perception policy learning.

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ICLR Conference 2025 Conference Paper

Reconstructive Visual Instruction Tuning

Haochen Wang
Anlin Zheng
Yucheng Zhao
Tiancai Wang
Zheng Ge
Xiangyu Zhang 0005
Zhaoxiang Zhang 0001

This paper introduces reconstructive visual instruction tuning (ROSS), a family of Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) that exploit vision-centric supervision signals. In contrast to conventional visual instruction tuning approaches that exclusively supervise text outputs, ROSS prompts LMMs to supervise visual outputs via reconstructing input images. By doing so, it capitalizes on the inherent richness and detail present within input images themselves, which are often lost in pure text supervision. However, producing meaningful feedback from natural images is challenging due to the heavy spatial redundancy of visual signals. To address this issue, ROSS employs a denoising objective to reconstruct latent representations of input images, avoiding directly regressing exact raw RGB values. This intrinsic activation design inherently encourages LMMs to maintain image detail, thereby enhancing their fine-grained comprehension capabilities and reducing hallucinations. Empirically, ROSS consistently brings significant improvements across different visual encoders and language models. In comparison with extrinsic assistance state-of-the-art alternatives that aggregate multiple visual experts, ROSS delivers competitive performance with a single SigLIP visual encoder, demonstrating the efficacy of our vision-centric supervision tailored for visual outputs. The code will be made publicly available upon acceptance.

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ICLR Conference 2025 Conference Paper

Unhackable Temporal Reward for Scalable Video MLLMs

En Yu
Kangheng Lin
Liang Zhao
Yana Wei
Zining Zhu 0004
Haoran Wei
Jianjian Sun
Zheng Ge

In the pursuit of superior video-processing MLLMs, we have encountered a perplexing paradox: the “anti-scaling law”, where more data and larger models lead to worse performance. This study unmasks the culprit: “temporal hacking”, a phenomenon where models shortcut by fixating on select frames, missing the full video narrative. In this work, we systematically establish a comprehensive theory of temporal hacking, defining it from a reinforcement learning perspective, introducing the Temporal Perplexity (TPL) score to assess this misalignment, and proposing the Unhackable Temporal Rewarding (UTR) framework to mitigate the temporal hacking. Both theoretically and empirically, TPL proves to be a reliable indicator of temporal modeling quality, correlating strongly with frame activation patterns. Extensive experiments reveal that UTR not only counters temporal hacking but significantly elevates video comprehension capabilities. This work not only advances video-AI systems but also illuminates the critical importance of aligning proxy rewards with true objectives in MLLM development.

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IJCAI Conference 2024 Conference Paper

ChatSpot: Bootstrapping Multimodal LLMs via Precise Referring Instruction Tuning

Liang Zhao
En Yu
Zheng Ge
Jinrong Yang
Haoran Wei
Hongyu Zhou
Jianjian Sun
Yuang Peng

Human-AI interactivity is a critical aspect that reflects the usability of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). However, existing end-to-end MLLMs only allow users to interact with them through language instructions, leading to the limitation of the interactive accuracy and efficiency. In this study, we present precise referring instructions that utilize diverse reference representations such as points and boxes as referring prompts to refer to the special region. This enables MLLMs to focus on the region of interest and achieve finer-grained interaction. Based on precise referring instruction, we propose ChatSpot, a unified end-to-end MLLM that supports diverse forms of interactivity including mouse clicks, drag-and-drop, and drawing boxes, which provides a more flexible and seamless interactive experience. We also construct a multi-grained vision-language instruction-following dataset based on existing datasets and GPT-4 generating. Furthermore, we design a series of evaluation tasks to assess the effectiveness of region recognition and interaction. Experimental results showcase ChatSpot's promising performance. Project page: https: //github. com/Ahnsun/ChatSpot.

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ICLR Conference 2024 Conference Paper

DreamLLM: Synergistic Multimodal Comprehension and Creation

Runpei Dong
Chunrui Han
Yuang Peng
Zekun Qi
Zheng Ge
Jinrong Yang
Liang Zhao
Jianjian Sun

This paper presents DreamLLM, a learning framework that first achieves versatile Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) empowered with frequently overlooked synergy between multimodal comprehension and creation. DreamLLM operates on two fundamental principles. The first focuses on the generative modeling of both language and image posteriors by direct sampling in the raw multimodal space. This approach circumvents the limitations and information loss inherent to external feature extractors like CLIP, and a more thorough multimodal understanding is obtained. Second, DreamLLM fosters the generation of raw, interleaved documents, modeling both text and image contents, along with unstructured layouts. This allows DreamLLM to learn all conditional, marginal, and joint multimodal distributions effectively. As a result, DreamLLM is the first MLLM capable of generating free-form interleaved content. Comprehensive experiments highlight DreamLLM's superior performance as a zero-shot multimodal generalist, reaping from the enhanced learning synergy. Project page: https://dreamllm.github.io.

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ICLR Conference 2023 Conference Paper

Autoencoders as Cross-Modal Teachers: Can Pretrained 2D Image Transformers Help 3D Representation Learning?

Runpei Dong
Zekun Qi
Linfeng Zhang 0001
Junbo Zhang
Jianjian Sun
Zheng Ge
Li Yi 0001
Kaisheng Ma

The success of deep learning heavily relies on large-scale data with comprehensive labels, which is more expensive and time-consuming to fetch in 3D compared to 2D images or natural languages. This promotes the potential of utilizing models pretrained with data more than 3D as teachers for cross-modal knowledge transferring. In this paper, we revisit masked modeling in a unified fashion of knowledge distillation, and we show that foundational Transformers pretrained with 2D images or natural languages can help self-supervised 3D representation learning through training Autoencoders as Cross-Modal Teachers (ACT). The pretrained Transformers are transferred as cross-modal 3D teachers using discrete variational autoencoding self-supervision, during which the Transformers are frozen with prompt tuning for better knowledge inheritance. The latent features encoded by the 3D teachers are used as the target of masked point modeling, wherein the dark knowledge is distilled to the 3D Transformer students as foundational geometry understanding. Our ACT pretrained 3D learner achieves state-of-the-art generalization capacity across various downstream benchmarks, e.g., 88.21% overall accuracy on ScanObjectNN. Codes have been released at https://github.com/RunpeiDong/ACT.

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AAAI Conference 2023 Conference Paper

BEVDepth: Acquisition of Reliable Depth for Multi-View 3D Object Detection

Yinhao Li
Zheng Ge
Guanyi Yu
Jinrong Yang
Zengran Wang
Yukang Shi
Jianjian Sun
Zeming Li

In this research, we propose a new 3D object detector with a trustworthy depth estimation, dubbed BEVDepth, for camera-based Bird's-Eye-View~(BEV) 3D object detection. Our work is based on a key observation -- depth estimation in recent approaches is surprisingly inadequate given the fact that depth is essential to camera 3D detection. Our BEVDepth resolves this by leveraging explicit depth supervision. A camera-awareness depth estimation module is also introduced to facilitate the depth predicting capability. Besides, we design a novel Depth Refinement Module to counter the side effects carried by imprecise feature unprojection. Aided by customized Efficient Voxel Pooling and multi-frame mechanism, BEVDepth achieves the new state-of-the-art 60.9% NDS on the challenging nuScenes test set while maintaining high efficiency. For the first time, the NDS score of a camera model reaches 60%. Codes have been released.

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AAAI Conference 2023 Conference Paper

BEVStereo: Enhancing Depth Estimation in Multi-View 3D Object Detection with Temporal Stereo

Yinhao Li
Han Bao
Zheng Ge
Jinrong Yang
Jianjian Sun
Zeming Li

Restricted by the ability of depth perception, all Multi-view 3D object detection methods fall into the bottleneck of depth accuracy. By constructing temporal stereo, depth estimation is quite reliable in indoor scenarios. However, there are two difficulties in directly integrating temporal stereo into outdoor multi-view 3D object detectors: 1) The construction of temporal stereos for all views results in high computing costs. 2) Unable to adapt to challenging outdoor scenarios. In this study, we propose an effective method for creating temporal stereo by dynamically determining the center and range of the temporal stereo. The most confident center is found using the EM algorithm. Numerous experiments on nuScenes have shown the BEVStereo's ability to deal with complex outdoor scenarios that other stereo-based methods are unable to handle. For the first time, a stereo-based approach shows superiority in scenarios like a static ego vehicle and moving objects. BEVStereo achieves the new state-of-the-art in the camera-only track of nuScenes dataset while maintaining memory efficiency. Codes have been released.

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ICML Conference 2023 Conference Paper

Contrast with Reconstruct: Contrastive 3D Representation Learning Guided by Generative Pretraining

Zekun Qi
Runpei Dong
Guofan Fan
Zheng Ge
Xiangyu Zhang 0005
Kaisheng Ma
Li Yi 0001

Mainstream 3D representation learning approaches are built upon contrastive or generative modeling pretext tasks, where great improvements in performance on various downstream tasks have been achieved. However, we find these two paradigms have different characteristics: (i) contrastive models are data-hungry that suffer from a representation over-fitting issue; (ii) generative models have a data filling issue that shows inferior data scaling capacity compared to contrastive models. This motivates us to learn 3D representations by sharing the merits of both paradigms, which is non-trivial due to the pattern difference between the two paradigms. In this paper, we propose contrast with reconstruct (ReCon) that unifies these two paradigms. ReCon is trained to learn from both generative modeling teachers and cross-modal contrastive teachers through ensemble distillation, where the generative student is used to guide the contrastive student. An encoder-decoder style ReCon-block is proposed that transfers knowledge through cross attention with stop-gradient, which avoids pretraining over-fitting and pattern difference issues. ReCon achieves a new state-of-the-art in 3D representation learning, e. g. , 91. 26% accuracy on ScanObjectNN. Codes have been released at https: //github. com/qizekun/ReCon.

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