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Yi Xia

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9 papers

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YNIMG Journal 2026 Journal Article

Aberrant thalamic GABA–network coupling as a neural signature of insomnia severity in major depressive disorder

Yingying Huang
Yi Xia
Yiwen Wang
Yishan Du
Junling Sheng
Tingting Xiong
Lingling Hua
Wenyue Gong

Insomnia is one of the most common and debilitating symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD), with its severity closely associated with both the onset and course of the illness. However, its underlying neurobiological mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study employed a multimodal neuroimaging approach, combining magnetoencephalography and magnetic resonance spectroscopy, to separately examine the associations between insomnia severity and both thalamic functional connectivity (FC) with large-scale brain networks in the gamma frequency band, and thalamic gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentrations. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed a group-specific neurobiological mechanism, marked by opposing associations of insomnia severity with thalamic FC with large-scale brain networks and GABA⁺ levels between patients with MDD and healthy controls (HCs). Furthermore, the intrinsic coupling between thalamic GABA⁺ and thalamic-default mode network FC was reversed between groups, as evidenced by a negative association in HCs that trended toward a positive association in MDD patients. These findings indicate that insomnia in MDD constitutes a distinct pathological state, in which elevated thalamic GABA⁺ levels may represent a compensatory yet maladaptive response that disrupts thalamic GABA-network coupling. Our results provide a novel neurobiological framework for MDD-related insomnia and highlight the potential of therapies aimed at restoring thalamic neurochemical-functional coordination.

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AAAI Conference 2026 Conference Paper

Context-aware Graph Meta-learning

Ningbo Huang
Gang Zhou
Meng Zhang
Shunhang Li
Ling Wang
Shiyu Wang
Yi Xia

Developing a universal graph model capable of generalizing across diverse graph domains has consistently been a key objective in graph learning. Recently, many studies have focused on achieving in-context learning (ICL) on graphs, which can generalize to novel tasks without the need for fine-tuning, similar to large language models (LLMs) such as GPT-3. These researches can be primarily divided into graph-based methods and LLM-based methods. However, the generalization performance of the former is limited by the representation capability of GNNs, while the latter faces the challenge of LLMs understanding graph structures. Therefore, we propose CAGML, a context-aware graph meta-learning model, which learns to generalize to cross-domain and cross-granularity graph tasks using a meta-trained Transformer. Firstly, we formulate graph few-shot learning tasks as a structure-aware sequence modeling problem to unify cross-domain and cross-granularity tasks. Then, a structure-aware Transformer (SAT) is introduced as a graph in-context learner to make predictions with a few labels and the task-specific structural context. Finally, we pre-train SAT in a meta-optimization manner on large-scale citation network and knowledge graph. Experiments on 6 cross-domain graph datasets show that, without fine-tuning, CAGML can achieve state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance in terms of average performance across cross-granularity tasks on adopted datasets.

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YNIMG Journal 2025 Journal Article

Association of spatiotemporal interaction of gamma oscillations with heart rate variability during response inhibition processing in patients with major depressive disorder: An MEG study

Junling Sheng
Yi Xia
Lingling Hua
Hongliang Zhou
Qian Liao
Shui Tian
Yishan Du
Xiaoqin Wang

BACKGROUND: Impairment in response inhibition function is highly prevalent in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), yet the spatiotemporal neural activity underlying response inhibition and its relationship with the autonomic nervous system (ANS) remains unclear. METHODS: 35 MDD participants and 35 healthy controls (HC) were included with magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electrocardiogram (ECG) data collecting during a go/no-go task. Heart rate variability (HRV) indices were calculated from the ECG data. Differences in functional connectivity (FC) of gamma oscillations (60-90 Hz) between 0-200 ms, 200-400 ms, and 400-600 ms in the two groups after no-go stimuli were analyzed, and the correlation between FC and HRV indices was examined. RESULTS: The MDD group exhibited poorer task performance and lower HRV indices than the HC group. During the 200-400 ms period, compared to the HC group, the MDD group exhibited decreased FC between the left inferior frontal gyrus (opercular part) and right temporal pole (middle temporal gyrus) (t = 3.62, p < 0.05), and increased FC between the right superior frontal gyrus (orbital part) and right superior occipital gyrus (t = 3.68, p < 0.05). Additionally, a significant positive correlation was found between FC of the left inferior frontal gyrus (opercular part) and right middle temporal gyrus (temporal pole) and the HRV index RMSSD in the MDD group (r = 0.491, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Abnormal spatiotemporal interactions in gamma oscillations related to response inhibition are observed in MDD patients and abnormal gamma oscillations showed task-dependent covariation with ANS indices, suggesting their potential interplay in MDD pathophysiology.

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YNIMG Journal 2025 Journal Article

Motor-related neural oscillations in mood disorders

Yi Xia
Xiaoqin Wang
Shujia Hu
Shuangyu Cai
Tingting Xiong
Junling Sheng
Rui Yan
Zhijian Yao

Motor symptoms are common in mood disorders and are related to poor treatment responses, unfavourable illness prognosis, and increased suicidal ideation. However, neural mechanisms of impaired motor function remain unclear. Neural oscillatory activity in the theta and beta band within the cortico-cortical motor circuit is believed to reflect aspects of motor control. Here, we explored motor function and motor-related neural oscillations in individuals with mood disorders. 144 patients with bipolar disorder (BD), 136 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), and 125 control subjects completed a Go/No-Go task during magnetoencephalography recording. Moreover, 21 MDD patients and 16 BD patients underwent the second MEG scanning during follow-up. Trail Making Test A and B were used to measure motor performance. Oscillation-derived measures such as inter trial phase coherence, event-related spectral perturbation, phase locking value and phase amplitude coupling (PAC) within the supplementary motor area (SMA) and primary motor cortex (M1) were compared across the groups. Patients with BD exhibited poorer motor performance compared to those with MDD. BD patients showed reduced theta event-related synchronization and ITPC, along with enhanced beta event-related desynchronization. Conversely, a reduction in theta-beta PAC within SMA was observed in the MDD group. These divergent patterns underscore distinct neurophysiological alterations associated with motor function impairments across the two mood disorder groups, highlighting the complexity and specificity of oscillatory and connectivity changes linked to their pathophysiology. Future research should investigate the potential value of neural oscillations in predicting clinical and functional outcomes to guide the development of neurobiologically informed interventions.

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YNICL Journal 2024 Journal Article

Aberrant high-beta band functional connectivity during reward processing in melancholic major depressive disorder: An MEG study

Qiaoyang Zhang
Yishan Du
Ciqing Bao
Lingling Hua
Rui Yan
Zhongpeng Dai
Yi Xia
Haowen Zou

OBJECTIVE: To identify the spatial-temporal pattern variation of whole-brain functional connectivity (FC) during reward processing in melancholic major depressive disorder (MDD) patients, and to determine the clinical correlates of connectomic differences. METHODS: 61 MDD patients and 32 healthy controls were enrolled into the study. During magnetoencephalography (MEG) scanning, all participants completed the facial emotion recognition task. The MDD patients were further divided into two groups: melancholic (n = 31) and non-melancholic (n = 30), based on the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.) assessment. Melancholic symptoms were examined by using the 6-item melancholia subscale from the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D6). The whole-brain orthogonalized power envelope connections in the high-beta band (20-35 Hz) were constructed in each period after the happy emotional stimuli (0-200 ms, 100-300 ms, 200-400 ms, 300-500 ms, and 400-600 ms). Then, the network-based statistic (NBS) was used to determine the specific abnormal connection patterns in melancholic MDD patients. RESULTS: The NBS identified a sub-network difference at the mid-late period (300-500 ms) in response to happy faces among the three groups (corrected P = 0.035). Then, the post hoc and correlation analyses found five FCs were decreased in melancholic MDD patients and were related to HAM-D6 score, including FCs of left fusiform gyrus-right orbital inferior frontal gyrus (r = -0.52, P < 0.001), left fusiform gyrus-left amygdala (r = -0.26, P = 0.049), left posterior cingulate gyrus-right precuneus (r = -0.32, P = 0.025), left precuneus-right precuneus (r = -0.27, P = 0.049), and left precuneus-left inferior occipital gyrus (r = -0.32, P = 0.025). CONCLUSION: In response to happy faces, melancholic MDD patients demonstrated a disrupted functional connective pattern (20-35 Hz, 300-500 ms), which involved brain regions in visual information processing and the limbic system. The aberrant functional connective pattern in reward processing might be a biomarker of melancholic MDD.

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YNICL Journal 2024 Journal Article

Neural responses to decision-making in suicide attempters with youth major depressive disorder

Ciqing Bao
Qiaoyang Zhang
Chen He
Haowen Zou
Yi Xia
Rui Yan
Lingling Hua
Xiaoqin Wang

An improved understanding of the factors associated with suicidal attempts in youth suffering from depression is crucial for the identification and prevention of future suicide risk. However, there is limited understanding of how neural activity is modified during the process of decision-making. Our study aimed to investigate the neural responses in suicide attempters with major depressive disorder (MDD) during decision-making. Electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded from 79 individuals aged 16-25 with MDD, including 39 with past suicide attempts (SA group) and 40 without (NSA group), as well as from 40 age- and sex- matched healthy controls (HCs) during the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). All participants completed diagnostic interviews, self-report questionnaires. Our study examined feedback processing by measuring the feedback-related negativity (FRN), ΔFN (FRN-loss minus FRN-gain), and the P300 as electrophysiological indicators of feedback evaluation. The SA group showed poorest IGT performance. SA group and NSA group, compared with HC group, exhibited specific deficits in decision-making (i.e., exhibited smaller (i.e., blunted) ΔFN). Post hoc analysis found that the SA group was the least sensitive to gains and the most sensitive to losses. In addition, we also found that the larger the value of ΔFN, the better the decision-making ability and the lower the impulsivity. Our study highlights the link between suicide attempts and impaired decision-making in individuals with major depressive disorder. These findings constitute an important step in gaining a better understanding of the specific reward-related abnormalities that could contribute to the young MDD patients with suicide attempts.

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YNICL Journal 2023 Journal Article

Spontaneous beta power, motor-related beta power and cortical thickness in major depressive disorder with psychomotor disturbance

Yi Xia
Hao Sun
Lingling Hua
Zhongpeng Dai
Xiaoqin Wang
Hao Tang
Yinglin Han
Yishan Du

INTRODUCTION: The psychomotor disturbance is a common symptom in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). The neurological mechanisms of psychomotor disturbance are intricate, involving alterations in the structure and function of motor-related regions. However, the relationship among changes in the spontaneous activity, motor-related activity, local cortical thickness, and psychomotor function remains unclear. METHOD: A total of 140 patients with MDD and 68 healthy controls performed a simple right-hand visuomotor task during magnetoencephalography (MEG) scanning. All patients were divided into two groups according to the presence of psychomotor slowing. Spontaneous beta power, movement-related beta desynchronization (MRBD), absolute beta power during movement and cortical characteristics in the bilateral primary motor cortex were compared using general linear models with the group as a fixed effect and age as a covariate. Finally, the moderated mediation model was tested to examine the relationship between brain metrics with group differences and psychomotor performance. RESULTS: The patients with psychomotor slowing showed higher spontaneous beta power, movement-related beta desynchronization and absolute beta power during movement than patients without psychomotor slowing. Compared with the other two groups, significant decreases were found in cortical thickness of the left primary motor cortex in patients with psychomotor slowing. Our moderated mediation model showed that the increased spontaneous beta power indirectly affected impaired psychomotor performance by abnormal MRBD, and the indirect effects were moderated by cortical thickness. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that patients with MDD have aberrant cortical beta activity at rest and during movement, combined with abnormal cortical thickness, contributing to the psychomotor disturbance observed in this patient population.

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YNICL Journal 2023 Journal Article

The relationship between disrupted anhedonia-related circuitry and suicidal ideation in major depressive disorder: A network-based analysis

Xiaoqin Wang
Yi Xia
Rui Yan
Huan Wang
Hao Sun
Yinghong Huang
Lingling Hua
Hao Tang

BACKGROUND: Several epidemiological studies and psychological models have suggested that major depressive disorder (MDD) with anhedonia is associated with suicidal ideation (SI). However, little is known about whether the functional network pattern and intrinsic topologically disrupted in patients with anhedonia are related to SI. METHODS: The resting-fMRI by applying network-based statistic (NBS) and graph-theory analyses was estimated in 273 patients with MDD (144 high anhedonia [HA], 129 low anhedonia [LA]) and 150 healthy controls. In addition, we quantified the SI scores of each patient. Finally, the mediation analysis assessed whether anhedonia symptoms could mediate the relationship between anhedonia-related network metrics and SI. RESULT: The NBS analysis demonstrated that individuals with HA have a single abnormally increased functional connectivity component in a frontal-limbic circuit (termed the "anhedonia-related network", including the frontal cortex, striatum, anterior cingulate cortex and amygdala). The graph-theory analysis demonstrated that the anhedonia-related network showed a significantly disrupted topological organization (lower gamma and lambda), which the small-world property trend randomized. Furthermore, the anhedonia symptoms could mediate the relationship between the anhedonia-related network metrics (the mean functional connectivity values, the area under the curves values of gamma and nodal local efficiency in nucleus accumbens) and SI. CONCLUSIONS: We found that disruption of the reward-related network in MDD leads to SI through anhedonia symptoms. These findings show the abnormal topological construction of functional brain network organization in anhedonia, shedding light on the neurological processes underlying SI in MDD patients with anhedonia symptoms.

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YNIMG Journal 2019 Journal Article

Desynchronizing to be faster? Perceptual- and attentional-modulation of brain rhythms at the sub-millisecond scale

Yasuki Noguchi
Yi Xia
Ryusuke Kakigi

Neural oscillatory signals has been associated with many high-level functions (e. g. attention and working memory), because they reflect correlated behaviors of neural population that would facilitate the information transfer in the brain. On the other hand, a decreased power of oscillation (event-related desynchronization, ERD) has been associated with an irregular state in which many neurons behave in an uncorrelated manner. In contrast to this view, here we show that the human ERD is linked to the increased regularity of oscillatory signals. Using magnetoencephalography, we found that presenting a visual stimulus not only induced a decrease in power of alpha (8–12 Hz) to beta (13–30 Hz) rhythms in the contralateral visual cortex but also reduced the mean and variance of their inter-peak intervals (IPIs). This indicates that the suppressed alpha/beta rhythms became faster (reduced mean) and more regular (reduced variance) during visual stimulation. The same changes in IPIs, especially those of beta rhythm, were observed when subjects allocated their attention to a contralateral visual field. Those results revealed a new role of the event-related decrease in alpha/beta power and further suggested that our brain regulates and accelerates a clock for neural computations by actively suppressing the oscillation amplitude in task-relevant regions.

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