Author name cluster

Subhabrata Mukherjee

Possible papers associated with this exact author name in Arrow. This page groups case-insensitive exact name matches and is not a full identity disambiguation profile.

8 papers

2 author rows

ICLR Conference 2024 Conference Paper

Hybrid LLM: Cost-Efficient and Quality-Aware Query Routing

Dujian Ding
Ankur Mallick
Chi Wang 0001
Robert Sim
Subhabrata Mukherjee
Victor Rühle
Laks V. S. Lakshmanan
Ahmed Hassan Awadallah

Large language models (LLMs) excel in most NLP tasks but also require expensive cloud servers for deployment due to their size, while smaller models that can be deployed on lower cost (e.g., edge) devices, tend to lag behind in terms of response quality. Therefore in this work we propose a hybrid inference approach which combines their respective strengths to save cost and maintain quality. Our approach uses a router that assigns queries to the small or large model based on the predicted query difficulty and the desired quality level. The desired quality level can be tuned dynamically at test time to seamlessly trade quality for cost as per the scenario requirements. In experiments our approach allows us to make up to 40% fewer calls to the large model, with no drop in response quality.

Details

ICLR Conference 2024 Conference Paper

Teaching Language Models to Hallucinate Less with Synthetic Tasks

Erik Jones
Hamid Palangi
Clarisse Simões
Varun Chandrasekaran
Subhabrata Mukherjee
Arindam Mitra
Ahmed Hassan Awadallah
Ece Kamar

Large language models (LLMs) frequently hallucinate on abstractive summarization tasks such as document-based question-answering, meeting summarization, and clinical report generation, even though all necessary information is included in context. However, optimizing to make LLMs hallucinate less is challenging, as hallucination is hard to efficiently, cheaply, and reliably evaluate at each optimization step. In this work, we show that reducing hallucination on a _synthetic task_ can also reduce hallucination on real-world downstream tasks. Our method, SynTra, first designs a synthetic task where hallucinations are easy to elicit and measure. It next optimizes the LLM's system message via prefix tuning on the synthetic task, then uses the system message on realistic, hard-to-optimize tasks. Across three realistic abstractive summarization tasks, we reduce hallucination for two 13B-parameter LLMs using supervision signal from only a synthetic retrieval task. We also find that optimizing the system message rather than the model weights can be critical; fine-tuning the entire model on the synthetic task can counterintuitively _increase_ hallucination. Overall, SynTra demonstrates that the extra flexibility of working with synthetic data can help mitigate undesired behaviors in practice.

Details

AAAI Conference 2023 Conference Paper

ADMoE: Anomaly Detection with Mixture-of-Experts from Noisy Labels

Yue Zhao
Guoqing Zheng
Subhabrata Mukherjee
Robert McCann
Ahmed Awadallah

Existing works on anomaly detection (AD) rely on clean labels from human annotators that are expensive to acquire in practice. In this work, we propose a method to leverage weak/noisy labels (e.g., risk scores generated by machine rules for detecting malware) that are cheaper to obtain for anomaly detection. Specifically, we propose ADMoE, the first framework for anomaly detection algorithms to learn from noisy labels. In a nutshell, ADMoE leverages mixture-of-experts (MoE) architecture to encourage specialized and scalable learning from multiple noisy sources. It captures the similarities among noisy labels by sharing most model parameters, while encouraging specialization by building "expert" sub-networks. To further juice out the signals from noisy labels, ADMoE uses them as input features to facilitate expert learning. Extensive results on eight datasets (including a proprietary enterprise security dataset) demonstrate the effectiveness of ADMoE, where it brings up to 34% performance improvement over not using it. Also, it outperforms a total of 13 leading baselines with equivalent network parameters and FLOPS. Notably, ADMoE is model-agnostic to enable any neural network-based detection methods to handle noisy labels, where we showcase its results on both multiple-layer perceptron (MLP) and the leading AD method DeepSAD.

PDF Details DOI

NeurIPS Conference 2022 Conference Paper

Few-shot Task-agnostic Neural Architecture Search for Distilling Large Language Models

Dongkuan (DK) Xu
Subhabrata Mukherjee
Xiaodong Liu
Debadeepta Dey
Wenhui Wang
Xiang Zhang
Ahmed Awadallah
Jianfeng Gao

Traditional knowledge distillation (KD) methods manually design student architectures to compress large models given pre-specified computational cost. This requires several trials to find viable students, and repeating the process with change in computational budget. We use Neural Architecture Search (NAS) to automatically distill several compressed students with variable cost from a large model. Existing NAS methods train a single SuperLM consisting of millions of subnetworks with weight-sharing, resulting in interference between subnetworks of different sizes. Additionally, many of these works are task-specific requiring task labels for SuperLM training. Our framework AutoDistil addresses above challenges with the following steps: (a) Incorporates inductive bias and heuristics to partition Transformer search space into K compact sub-spaces (e. g. , K=3 can generate typical student sizes of base, small and tiny); (b) Trains one SuperLM for each sub-space using task-agnostic objective (e. g. , self-attention distillation) with weight-sharing of students; (c) Lightweight search for the optimal student without re-training. Task-agnostic training and search allow students to be reused for fine-tuning on any downstream task. Experiments on GLUE benchmark demonstrate AutoDistil to outperform state-of-the-art KD and NAS methods with upto 3x reduction in computational cost and negligible loss in task performance. Code and model checkpoints are available at https: //github. com/microsoft/autodistil.

PDF Details

NeurIPS Conference 2022 Conference Paper

LiteTransformerSearch: Training-free Neural Architecture Search for Efficient Language Models

Mojan Javaheripi
Gustavo de Rosa
Subhabrata Mukherjee
Shital Shah
Tomasz Religa
Caio Cesar Teodoro Mendes
Sebastien Bubeck
Farinaz Koushanfar

The Transformer architecture is ubiquitously used as the building block of largescale autoregressive language models. However, finding architectures with the optimal trade-off between task performance (perplexity) and hardware constraints like peak memory utilization and latency is non-trivial. This is exacerbated by the proliferation of various hardware. We leverage the somewhat surprising empirical observation that the number of decoder parameters in autoregressive Transformers has a high rank correlation with task performance, irrespective of the architecture topology. This observation organically induces a simple Neural Architecture Search (NAS) algorithm that uses decoder parameters as a proxy for perplexity without need for any model training. The search phase of our training-free algorithm, dubbed Lightweight Transformer Search (LTS), can be run directly on target devices since it does not require GPUs. Using on-target device measurements, LTS extracts the Pareto-frontier of perplexity versus any hardware performance cost. We evaluate LTS on diverse devices from ARM CPUs to NVIDIA GPUs and two popular autoregressive Transformer backbones: GPT-2 and Transformer-XL. Results show that the perplexity of 16-layer GPT-2 and Transformer-XL can be achieved with up to 1. 5×, 2. 5× faster runtime and 1. 2×, 2. 0× lower peak memory utilization. When evaluated in zero and one-shot settings, LTS Pareto-frontier models achieve higher average accuracy compared to the 350M parameter OPT across 14 tasks, with up to 1. 6× lower latency. LTS extracts the Pareto-frontier in under 3 hours while running on a commodity laptop. We effectively remove the carbon footprint of hundreds of GPU hours of training during search, offering a strong simple baseline for future NAS methods in autoregressive language modeling.

PDF Details

NeurIPS Conference 2021 Conference Paper

Fairness via Representation Neutralization

Mengnan Du
Subhabrata Mukherjee
Guanchu Wang
Ruixiang Tang
Ahmed Awadallah
Xia Hu

Existing bias mitigation methods for DNN models primarily work on learning debiased encoders. This process not only requires a lot of instance-level annotations for sensitive attributes, it also does not guarantee that all fairness sensitive information has been removed from the encoder. To address these limitations, we explore the following research question: Can we reduce the discrimination of DNN models by only debiasing the classification head, even with biased representations as inputs? To this end, we propose a new mitigation technique, namely, Representation Neutralization for Fairness (RNF) that achieves fairness by debiasing only the task-specific classification head of DNN models. To this end, we leverage samples with the same ground-truth label but different sensitive attributes, and use their neutralized representations to train the classification head of the DNN model. The key idea of RNF is to discourage the classification head from capturing spurious correlation between fairness sensitive information in encoder representations with specific class labels. To address low-resource settings with no access to sensitive attribute annotations, we leverage a bias-amplified model to generate proxy annotations for sensitive attributes. Experimental results over several benchmark datasets demonstrate our RNF framework to effectively reduce discrimination of DNN models with minimal degradation in task-specific performance.

PDF Details

NeurIPS Conference 2021 Conference Paper

Few-Shot Learning Evaluation in Natural Language Understanding

Subhabrata Mukherjee
Xiaodong Liu
Guoqing Zheng
Saghar Hosseini
Hao Cheng
Ge Yang
Christopher Meek
Ahmed Awadallah

Most recent progress in natural language understanding (NLU) has been driven, in part, by benchmarks such as GLUE, SuperGLUE, SQuAD, etc. In fact, many NLU models have now matched or exceeded "human-level" performance on many tasks in these benchmarks. Most of these benchmarks, however, give models access to relatively large amounts of labeled data for training. As such, the models are provided far more data than required by humans to achieve strong performance. That has motivated a line of work that focuses on improving few-shot learning performance of NLU models. However, there is a lack of standardized evaluation benchmarks for few-shot NLU resulting in different experimental settings in different papers. To help accelerate this line of work, we introduce CLUES, a benchmark for evaluating the few-shot learning capabilities of NLU models. We demonstrate that while recent models reach human performance when they have access to large amounts of labeled data, there is a huge gap in performance in the few-shot setting for most tasks. We also demonstrate differences between alternative model families and adaptation techniques in the few shot setting. Finally, we discuss several principles and choices in designing the experimental settings for evaluating the true few-shot learning performance and suggest a unified standardized approach to few-shot learning evaluation. We aim to encourage research on NLU models that can generalize to new tasks with a small number of examples. Code and data for CLUES are available at https: //github. com/microsoft/CLUES.

PDF Details

NeurIPS Conference 2020 Conference Paper

Uncertainty-aware Self-training for Few-shot Text Classification

Subhabrata Mukherjee
Ahmed Awadallah

Recent success of pre-trained language models crucially hinges on fine-tuning them on large amounts of labeled data for the downstream task, that are typically expensive to acquire or difficult to access for many applications. We study self-training as one of the earliest semi-supervised learning approaches to reduce the annotation bottleneck by making use of large-scale unlabeled data for the target task. Standard self-training mechanism randomly samples instances from the unlabeled pool to generate pseudo-labels and augment labeled data. We propose an approach to improve self-training by incorporating uncertainty estimates of the underlying neural network leveraging recent advances in Bayesian deep learning. Specifically, we propose (i) acquisition functions to select instances from the unlabeled pool leveraging Monte Carlo (MC) Dropout, and (ii) learning mechanism leveraging model confidence for self-training. As an application, we focus on text classification with five benchmark datasets. We show our methods leveraging only 20-30 labeled samples per class for each task for training and for validation perform within 3% of fully supervised pre-trained language models fine-tuned on thousands of labels with an aggregate accuracy of 91% and improvement of up to 12% over baselines.

PDF Details