TMLR Journal 2026 Journal Article
Probabilistic Pretraining for Improved Neural Regression
- Boris N. Oreshkin
- Shiv Kumar Tavker
- Dmitry Efimov
While transfer learning has revolutionized computer vision and natural language processing, its application to probabilistic regression remains underexplored, particularly for tabular data. We introduce NIAQUE (Neural Interpretable Any-Quantile Estimation), a novel permutation-invariant architecture that enables effective transfer learning across diverse regression tasks. Through extensive experiments on 101 datasets, we demonstrate that pre-training NIAQUE on multiple datasets and fine-tuning on target datasets consistently outperforms both traditional tree-based models and transformer-based neural baseline. On real-world Kaggle competitions, NIAQUE achieves competitive performance against heavily hand-crafted and feature-engineered solutions and outperforms strong baselines such as TabPFN and TabDPT, while maintaining interpretability through its probabilistic framework. Our results establish NIAQUE as a robust and scalable approach for tabular regression, effectively bridging the gap between traditional methods and modern transfer learning.