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Libo Qin

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AAAI Conference 2026 Conference Paper

Aware First, Think Less: Dynamic Boundary Self-Awareness Drives Significant Gains in Reasoning Efficiency in Large Language Models

  • Qiguang Chen
  • Dengyun Peng
  • Jinhao Liu
  • Huikang Su
  • Jiannan Guan
  • Libo Qin
  • Wanxiang Che

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have greatly improved their ability to perform complex reasoning tasks through Long Chain-of-Thought (CoT). However, this approach often results in substantial redundancy, impairing computational efficiency and causing significant delays in real-time applications. To improve efficiency, current methods often rely on human-defined difficulty priors, which do not align with the LLM's self-awared difficulty, leading to inefficiencies. In this paper, we introduce the Dynamic Reasoning-Boundary Self-Awareness Framework (DR. SAF), which enables LLMs to dynamically assess and adjust their reasoning depth in response to problem complexity. DR. SAF integrates three key components: Boundary Self-Awareness Alignment, Adaptive Reward Management, and a Boundary Preservation Mechanism. These components allow models to optimize their reasoning processes, balancing efficiency and accuracy without compromising performance. Our experimental results demonstrate that DR. SAF achieves a 49.27% reduction in total response tokens with minimal loss in accuracy. The framework also delivers a 6.59x gain in token efficiency and a 5x reduction in training time, making it well-suited to resource-limited settings. During extreme training, DR. SAF can even surpass traditional instruction-based models in token efficiency with more than 16% accuracy improvement.

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AAAI Conference 2026 Conference Paper

Beware of Reasoning Overconfidence: Pitfalls in the Reasoning Process for Multi-solution Tasks

  • Jiannan Guan
  • Qiguang Chen
  • Libo Qin
  • Dengyun Peng
  • Jinhao Liu
  • Liangyu Huo
  • Jian Xie
  • Wanxiang Che

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in reasoning tasks requiring a single correct answer, but they perform poorly in multi-solution tasks that require generating comprehensive and diverse answers. We attribute this limitation to reasoning overconfidence: a tendency to express undue certainty in an incomplete solution set. To examine the effect, we introduce MuSoBench, a benchmark of multi-solution problems. Experiments show that the conventional short chain-of-thought (Short-CoT) prompting paradigm exhibits pronounced overconfidence, whereas the emerging long chain-of-thought (Long-CoT) approach mitigates it through iterative exploration and self-reflection. We further characterise observable behaviours and influential factors. To probe the underlying cause, we propose the cognitive-rigidity hypothesis, which posits that overconfidence arises when the reasoning process prematurely converges on a narrow set of thought paths. An attention-entropy analysis offers preliminary support for this view. These findings provide tools for assessing the completeness of LLM reasoning and highlight the need to move evaluation beyond single-answer accuracy toward comprehensive exploration.

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AAAI Conference 2026 Conference Paper

Let’s Think with Images Efficiently! An Interleaved-Modal Chain-of-Thought Reasoning Framework with Dynamic and Precise Visual Thoughts

  • Xu Liu
  • Yongheng Zhang
  • Qiguang Chen
  • Yao Li
  • Sheng Wang
  • Libo Qin

Recently, Interleaved-modal Chain-of-Thought (ICoT) reasoning has achieved remarkable success by leveraging both multimodal inputs and outputs, attracting increasing attention. While achieving promising performance, current ICoT methods still suffer from two major limitations: (1) Static Visual Thought Positioning, which statically inserts visual information at fixed steps, resulting in inefficient and inflexible reasoning; and (2) Broken Visual Thought Representation, which involves discontinuous and semantically incoherent visual tokens. To address these limitations, we introduce Interleaved-modal Chain-of-Thought reasoning with Dynamic and Precise Visual Thoughts (DaP-ICoT), which incorporates two key components: (1) Dynamic Visual Thought Integration adaptively introduces visual inputs based on reasoning needs, reducing redundancy and improving efficiency. (2) Precise Visual Thought Guidance ensures visual semantically coherent and contextually aligned representations. Experiments across multiple benchmarks and models demonstrate that DaP-ICoT achieves state-of-the-art performance. In addition, DaP-ICoT significantly reduces the number of inserted images, leading to a 72.6% decrease in token consumption, enabling more efficient ICoT reasoning.

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AAAI Conference 2025 Conference Paper

CoMT: A Novel Benchmark for Chain of Multi-modal Thought on Large Vision-Language Models

  • Zihui Cheng
  • Qiguang Chen
  • Jin Zhang
  • Hao Fei
  • Xiaocheng Feng
  • Wanxiang Che
  • Min Li
  • Libo Qin

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have recently demonstrated amazing success in multi-modal tasks, including advancements in Multi-modal Chain-of-Thought (MCoT) reasoning. Despite these successes, current benchmarks still follow a traditional paradigm with multi-modal input and text-modal output, which leads to significant drawbacks such as missing visual operations and vague expressions. Motivated by this, we introduce a novel Chain of Multi-modal Thought (CoMT) benchmark to address these limitations. Different from the traditional MCoT benchmark, CoMT requires both multi-modal input and multi-modal reasoning output, aiming to mimic human-like reasoning that inherently integrates visual operation. Specifically, CoMT consists of four categories: (1) Visual Creation, (2) Visual Deletion, (3) Visual Update, and (4) Visual Selection to comprehensively explore complex visual operations and concise expression in real scenarios. We evaluate various LVLMs and strategies on CoMT, revealing some key insights into the capabilities and limitations of the current approaches. We hope that CoMT can inspire more research on introducing multi-modal generation into the reasoning process.

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AAAI Conference 2025 Conference Paper

Divide-Solve-Combine: An Interpretable and Accurate Prompting Framework for Zero-shot Multi-Intent Detection

  • Libo Qin
  • Qiguang Chen
  • Jingxuan Zhou
  • Jin Wang
  • Hao Fei
  • Wanxiang Che
  • Min Li

Zero-shot multi-intent detection is capable of capturing multiple intents within a single utterance without any training data, which gains increasing attention. Building on the success of large language models (LLM), dominant approaches in the literature explore prompting techniques to enable zero-shot multi-intent detection. While significant advancements have been witnessed, the existing prompting approaches still face two major issues: lacking explicit reasoning and lacking interpretability. Therefore, in this paper, we introduce a Divide-Solve-Combine Prompting (DSCP) to address the above issues. Specifically, DSCP explicitly decomposes multi-intent detection into three components including (1) single-intent division prompting is utilized to decompose an input query into distinct sub-sentences, each containing a single intent; (2) intent-by-intent solution prompting is applied to solve each sub-sentence recurrently; and (3) multi-intent combination prompting is employed for combining each sub-sentence result to obtain the final multi-intent result. By decomposition, DSCP allows the model to track the explicit reasoning process and improve the interpretability. In addition, we propose an interactive divide-solve-combine prompting (Inter-DSCP) to naturally capture the interaction capabilities of large language models. Experimental results on two standard multi-intent benchmarks (i.e., MixATIS and MixSNIPS) reveal that both DSCP and Inter-DSCP obtain substantial improvements over baselines, achieving superior performance and higher interpretability.

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AAAI Conference 2025 Conference Paper

EXCGEC: A Benchmark for Edit-Wise Explainable Chinese Grammatical Error Correction

  • Jingheng Ye
  • Shang Qin
  • Yinghui Li
  • Xuxin Cheng
  • Libo Qin
  • Hai-Tao Zheng
  • Ying Shen
  • Peng Xing

Existing studies explore the explainability of Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) in a limited scenario, where they ignore the interaction between corrections and explanations and have not established a corresponding comprehensive benchmark. To bridge the gap, this paper first introduces the task of EXplainable GEC (EXGEC), which focuses on the integral role of correction and explanation tasks. To facilitate the task, we propose EXCGEC, a tailored benchmark for Chinese EXGEC consisting of 8,216 explanation-augmented samples featuring the design of hybrid edit-wise explanations. We then benchmark several series of LLMs in multi-task learning settings, including post-explaining and pre-explaining. To promote the development of the task, we also build a comprehensive evaluation suite by leveraging existing automatic metrics and conducting human evaluation experiments to demonstrate the human consistency of the automatic metrics for free-text explanations. Our experiments reveal the effectiveness of evaluating free-text explanations using traditional metrics like METEOR and ROUGE, and the inferior performance of multi-task models compared to the pipeline solution, indicating its challenges to establish positive effects in learning both tasks.

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IJCAI Conference 2025 Conference Paper

Improving Consistency Identification in Task-oriented Dialogue Through Multi-Agent Collaboration

  • Peng Wang
  • Shuo Li
  • Ruoxi Zhou
  • Qiguang Chen
  • Xiao Xu
  • Hao Fei
  • Dagang Li
  • Wanxiang Che

Consistency identification in task-oriented dialog (CI-ToD) typically consists of three sub-tasks: User Query Inconsistency (QI) identification, Dialogue History Inconsistency (HI) identification, and Knowledge Base Inconsistency (KBI) identification, which aim to determine inconsistent relationships between system response and user query, dialogue history, and knowledge base. Previous approaches focus on the exploration of deep learning models for CI-ToD. While these models achieve remarkable progress, they still rely on large amounts of labeled data, which is hard to achieve in real-world scenarios. Motivated by this, in the paper, we aim to explore large language models for CI-ToD, which do not require any training data. In addition, we further introduce a multi-agent collaboration framework (MAC-CIToD) to model the interaction across three sub-tasks in CI-ToD, including (1) Full Connection paradigm, (2) Cycle Connection paradigm, and (3) Central Connection paradigm, which effectively builds interaction across QI, HI, and KBI. Experiments on the standard benchmark reveal that our framework achieves superior performance. Additionally, we compare MAC-CIToD with the most advanced trained approaches and find that its zero-shot performance on most metrics even surpasses that of models after training on the CI-ToD dataset.

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NeurIPS Conference 2025 Conference Paper

Noise-Robustness Through Noise: A Framework combining Asymmetric LoRA with Poisoning MoE

  • Zhaokun Wang
  • Jinyu Guo
  • Jingwen Pu
  • Hongli Pu
  • Jie Ou
  • Libo Qin
  • Wenhong Tian

Current parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods for adapting pre-trained language models to downstream tasks are susceptible to interference from noisy data. Conventional noise-handling approaches either rely on laborious data pre-processing or employ model architecture modifications prone to error accumulation. In contrast to existing noise-process paradigms, we propose a noise-robust adaptation method via asymmetric LoRA poisoning experts (LoPE), a novel framework that enhances model robustness to noise only with generated noisy data. Drawing inspiration from the mixture-of-experts architecture, LoPE strategically integrates a dedicated poisoning expert in an asymmetric LoRA configuration. Through a two-stage paradigm, LoPE performs noise injection on the poisoning expert during fine-tuning to enhance its noise discrimination and processing ability. During inference, we selectively mask the dedicated poisoning expert to leverage purified knowledge acquired by normal experts for noise-robust output. Extensive experiments demonstrate that LoPE achieves strong performance and robustness purely through the low-cost noise injection, which completely eliminates the requirement of data cleaning.

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NeurIPS Conference 2025 Conference Paper

Task-Specific Data Selection for Instruction Tuning via Monosemantic Neuronal Activations

  • Da Ma
  • Gonghu Shang
  • Zhi Chen
  • Libo Qin
  • Yijie LUO
  • Hongshen Xu
  • Lei Pan
  • Shuai Fan

Instruction tuning improves the ability of large language models (LLMs) to follow diverse human instructions, but achieving strong performance on specific target tasks remains challenging. A critical bottleneck is selecting the most relevant data to maximize task-specific performance. Existing data selection approaches include unstable influence-based methods and more stable distribution alignment methods, the latter of which critically rely on the underlying sample representation. In practice, most distribution alignment methods, from shallow features (e. g. , BM25) to neural embeddings (e. g. , BGE, LLM2Vec), may fail to capture how the model internally processes samples. To bridge this gap, we adopt a model-centric strategy in which each sample is represented by its neuronal activation pattern in the model, directly reflecting internal computation. However, directly using raw neuron activations leads to spurious similarity between unrelated samples due to neuron polysemanticity, where a single neuron may respond to multiple, unrelated concepts. To address this, we employ sparse autoencoders to disentangle polysemantic activations into sparse, monosemantic representations, and introduce a dedicated similarity metric for this space to better identify task-relevant data. Comprehensive experiments across multiple instruction datasets, models, tasks, and selection ratios show that our approach consistently outperforms existing data selection baselines in both stability and task-specific performance.

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NeurIPS Conference 2025 Conference Paper

Visual Thoughts: A Unified Perspective of Understanding Multimodal Chain-of-Thought

  • Zihui Cheng
  • Qiguang Chen
  • Xiao Xu
  • Jiaqi Wang
  • Weiyun Wang
  • Hao Fei
  • Yidong Wang
  • Alex Jinpeng Wang

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have achieved significant success in multimodal tasks, with multimodal chain-of-thought (MCoT) further enhancing performance and interpretability. Recent MCoT methods fall into two categories: (i) Textual-MCoT (T-MCoT), which takes multimodal input and produces textual output; and (ii) Interleaved-MCoT (I-MCoT), which generates interleaved image-text outputs. Despite advances in both approaches, the mechanisms driving these improvements are not fully understood. To fill this gap, we first reveal that MCoT boosts LVLMs by incorporating $\textit{visual thoughts}$, which convey image information to the reasoning process regardless of the MCoT format, depending only on clarity and conciseness of expression. Furthermore, to explore visual thoughts systematically, we define four distinct forms of visual thought expressions and analyze them comprehensively. Our findings demonstrate that these forms differ in clarity and conciseness, yielding varying levels of MCoT improvement. Additionally, we explore the internal nature of visual thoughts, finding that visual thoughts serve as intermediaries between the input image and reasoning to deeper transformer layers, enabling more advanced visual information transmission. We hope that the visual thoughts can inspire further breakthroughs for future MCoT research.

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IJCAI Conference 2024 Conference Paper

Decoupling Breaks Data Barriers: A Decoupled Pre-training Framework for Multi-intent Spoken Language Understanding

  • Libo Qin
  • Qiguang Chen
  • Jingxuan Zhou
  • Qinzheng Li
  • Chunlin Lu
  • Wanxiang Che

Multi-intent Spoken Language Understanding (Multi-intent SLU) can extract multiple intents in a single utterance, gaining increasing attention. Nevertheless, current multi-intent SLU approaches still heavily rely on large amounts of annotated multi-intent SLU data, which makes it hard to be satisfied in real-world scenarios without sufficient data. Motivated by this, we introduce a novel decoupled pre-training framework (DPF) to address the data-scarcity problem, achieving to leverage of abundant multi-intent-free SLU data to enhance multi-intent SLU. Specifically, DPF first decouples the multi-intent SLU task into two abilities: (1) task-agnostic ability to locate the task-agnostic slot entity span and (2) task-specific ability to predict the task-specific slot and intent labels simultaneously. The key insight of DPF is that such decomposition allows us to design a two-stage decoupled pre-training procedure to enhance both task-agnostic ability and task-specific ability with abundant multi-intent-free SLU data (i. e. , NER and single-intent SLU data), respectively. Experimental results on two standard benchmarks (e. g. , MixATIS and MixSNIPS) demonstrate the effectiveness of DPF by achieving superior performance. In addition, extensive analyses reveal that utilizing the multi-intent-free data can effectively enhance multi-intent SLU.

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NeurIPS Conference 2024 Conference Paper

Synergistic Dual Spatial-aware Generation of Image-to-text and Text-to-image

  • Yu Zhao
  • Hao Fei
  • Xiangtai Li
  • Libo Qin
  • Jiayi Ji
  • Hongyuan Zhu
  • Meishan Zhang
  • Min Zhang

In the visual spatial understanding (VSU) field, spatial image-to-text (SI2T) and spatial text-to-image (ST2I) are two fundamental tasks that appear in dual form. Existing methods for standalone SI2T or ST2I perform imperfectly in spatial understanding, due to the difficulty of 3D-wise spatial feature modeling. In this work, we consider modeling the SI2T and ST2I together under a dual learning framework. During the dual framework, we then propose to represent the 3D spatial scene features with a novel 3D scene graph (3DSG) representation that can be shared and beneficial to both tasks. Further, inspired by the intuition that the easier 3D$\to$image and 3D$\to$text processes also exist symmetrically in the ST2I and SI2T, respectively, we propose the Spatial Dual Discrete Diffusion (SD$^3$) framework, which utilizes the intermediate features of the 3D$\to$X processes to guide the hard X$\to$3D processes, such that the overall ST2I and SI2T will benefit each other. On the visual spatial understanding dataset VSD, our system outperforms the mainstream T2I and I2T methods significantly. Further in-depth analysis reveals how our dual learning strategy advances.

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NeurIPS Conference 2024 Conference Paper

Unlocking the Capabilities of Thought: A Reasoning Boundary Framework to Quantify and Optimize Chain-of-Thought

  • Qiguang Chen
  • Libo Qin
  • Jiaqi Wang
  • Jinxuan Zhou
  • Wanxiang Che

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning has emerged as a promising approach for enhancing the performance of large language models (LLMs) on complex reasoning tasks. Recently, a series of studies attempt to explain the mechanisms underlying CoT, aiming to deepen the understanding of its efficacy. Nevertheless, the existing research faces two major challenges: (1) a lack of quantitative metrics to assess CoT capabilities and (2) a dearth of guidance on optimizing CoT performance. Motivated by this, in this work, we introduce a novel reasoning boundary framework (RBF) to address these challenges. To solve the lack of quantification, we first define a reasoning boundary (RB) to quantify the upper-bound of CoT and establish a combination law for RB, enabling a practical quantitative approach applicable to various real-world CoT tasks. To address the lack of optimization, we propose three categories of RBs. We further optimize these categories with combination laws focused on RB promotion and reasoning path optimization for CoT improvement. Through extensive experiments on 27 models and 5 tasks, the study validates the existence and rationality of the proposed framework. Furthermore, it explains the effectiveness of 10 CoT strategies and guides optimization from two perspectives. We hope this work can provide a comprehensive understanding of the boundaries and optimization strategies for reasoning in LLMs. Our code and data are available at https: //github. com/LightChen233/reasoning-boundary.

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NeurIPS Conference 2024 Conference Paper

What Factors Affect Multi-Modal In-Context Learning? An In-Depth Exploration

  • Libo Qin
  • Qiguang Chen
  • Hao Fei
  • Zhi Chen
  • Min Li
  • Wanxiang Che

Recently, rapid advancements in Multi-Modal In-Context Learning (MM-ICL) have achieved notable success, which is capable of achieving superior performance across various tasks without requiring additional parameter tuning. However, the underlying rules for the effectiveness of MM-ICL remain under-explored. To fill this gap, this work aims to investigate the research question: " What factors affect the performance of MM-ICL? " To this end, we investigate extensive experiments on the three core steps of MM-ICL including demonstration retrieval, demonstration ordering, and prompt construction using 6 vision large language models and 20 strategies. Our findings highlight (1) the necessity of a multi-modal retriever for demonstration retrieval, (2) the importance of intra-demonstration ordering over inter-demonstration ordering, and (3) the enhancement of task comprehension through introductory instructions in prompts. We hope this study can serve as a foundational guide for optimizing MM-ICL strategies in future research.

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AAAI Conference 2023 Conference Paper

Towards Complex Scenarios: Building End-to-End Task-Oriented Dialogue System across Multiple Knowledge Bases

  • Libo Qin
  • Zhouyang Li
  • Qiying Yu
  • Lehan Wang
  • Wanxiang Che

With the success of the sequence-to-sequence model, end-to-end task-oriented dialogue systems (EToDs) have obtained remarkable progress. However, most existing EToDs are limited to single KB settings where dialogues can be supported by a single KB, which is still far from satisfying the requirements of some complex applications (multi-KBs setting). In this work, we first empirically show that the existing single-KB EToDs fail to work on multi-KB settings that require models to reason across various KBs. To solve this issue, we take the first step to consider the multi-KBs scenario in EToDs and introduce a KB-over-KB Heterogeneous Graph Attention Network (KoK-HAN) to facilitate model to reason over multiple KBs. The core module is a triple-connection graph interaction layer that can model different granularity levels of interaction information across different KBs (i.e., intra-KB connection, inter-KB connection and dialogue-KB connection). Experimental results confirm the superiority of our model for multiple KBs reasoning.

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NeurIPS Conference 2022 Conference Paper

LasUIE: Unifying Information Extraction with Latent Adaptive Structure-aware Generative Language Model

  • Hao Fei
  • Shengqiong Wu
  • Jingye Li
  • Bobo Li
  • Fei Li
  • Libo Qin
  • Meishan Zhang
  • Min Zhang

Universally modeling all typical information extraction tasks (UIE) with one generative language model (GLM) has revealed great potential by the latest study, where various IE predictions are unified into a linearized hierarchical expression under a GLM. Syntactic structure information, a type of effective feature which has been extensively utilized in IE community, should also be beneficial to UIE. In this work, we propose a novel structure-aware GLM, fully unleashing the power of syntactic knowledge for UIE. A heterogeneous structure inductor is explored to unsupervisedly induce rich heterogeneous structural representations by post-training an existing GLM. In particular, a structural broadcaster is devised to compact various latent trees into explicit high-order forests, helping to guide a better generation during decoding. We finally introduce a task-oriented structure fine-tuning mechanism, further adjusting the learned structures to most coincide with the end-task's need. Over 12 IE benchmarks across 7 tasks our system shows significant improvements over the baseline UIE system. Further in-depth analyses show that our GLM learns rich task-adaptive structural bias that greatly resolves the UIE crux, the long-range dependence issue and boundary identifying.

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AAAI Conference 2022 Conference Paper

Text Is No More Enough! A Benchmark for Profile-Based Spoken Language Understanding

  • Xiao Xu
  • Libo Qin
  • Kaiji Chen
  • Guoxing Wu
  • Linlin Li
  • Wanxiang Che

Current researches on spoken language understanding (SLU) heavily are limited to a simple setting: the plain text-based SLU that takes the user utterance as input and generates its corresponding semantic frames (e. g. , intent and slots). Unfortunately, such a simple setting may fail to work in complex real-world scenarios when an utterance is semantically ambiguous, which cannot be achieved by the text-based SLU models. In this paper, we first introduce a new and important task, Profile-based Spoken Language Understanding (PROSLU), which requires the model that not only relies on the plain text but also the supporting profile information to predict the correct intents and slots. To this end, we further introduce a large-scale human-annotated Chinese dataset with over 5K utterances and their corresponding supporting profile information (Knowledge Graph (KG), User Profile (UP), Context Awareness (CA)). In addition, we evaluate several state-of-the-art baseline models and explore a multi-level knowledge adapter to effectively incorporate profile information. Experimental results reveal that all existing text-based SLU models fail to work when the utterances are semantically ambiguous and our proposed framework can effectively fuse the supporting information for sentence-level intent detection and token-level slot filling. Finally, we summarize key challenges and provide new points for future directions, which hopes to facilitate the research.

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IJCAI Conference 2021 Conference Paper

A Survey on Spoken Language Understanding: Recent Advances and New Frontiers

  • Libo Qin
  • Tianbao Xie
  • Wanxiang Che
  • Ting Liu

Spoken Language Understanding (SLU) aims to extract the semantics frame of user queries, which is a core component in a task-oriented dialog system. With the burst of deep neural networks and the evolution of pre-trained language models, the research of SLU has obtained significant breakthroughs. However, there remains a lack of a comprehensive survey summarizing existing approaches and recent trends, which motivated the work presented in this article. In this paper, we survey recent advances and new frontiers in SLU. Specifically, we give a thorough review of this research field, covering different aspects including (1) new taxonomy: we provide a new perspective for SLU filed, including single model vs. joint model, implicit joint modeling vs. explicit joint modeling in joint model, non pre-trained paradigm vs. pretrained paradigm; (2) new frontiers: some emerging areas in complex SLU as well as the corresponding challenges; (3) abundant open-source resources: to help the community, we have collected, organized the related papers, baseline projects and leaderboard on a public website where SLU researchers could directly access to the recent progress. We hope that this survey can shed a light on future research in SLU field.

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AAAI Conference 2021 Conference Paper

Co-GAT: A Co-Interactive Graph Attention Network for Joint Dialog Act Recognition and Sentiment Classification

  • Libo Qin
  • Zhouyang Li
  • Wanxiang Che
  • Minheng Ni
  • Ting Liu

In a dialog system, dialog act recognition and sentiment classification are two correlative tasks to capture speakers’ intentions, where dialog act and sentiment can indicate the explicit and the implicit intentions separately. The dialog context information (contextual information) and the mutual interaction information are two key factors that contribute to the two related tasks. Unfortunately, none of the existing approaches consider the two important sources of information simultaneously. In this paper, we propose a Co-Interactive Graph Attention Network (Co-GAT) to jointly perform the two tasks. The core module is a proposed co-interactive graph interaction layer where a cross-utterances connection and a cross-tasks connection are constructed and iteratively updated with each other, achieving to consider the two types of information simultaneously. Experimental results on two public datasets show that our model successfully captures the two sources of information and achieve the state-of-the-art performance. In addition, we find that the contributions from the contextual and mutual interaction information do not fully overlap with contextualized word representations (BERT, Roberta, XLNet).

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IJCAI Conference 2020 Conference Paper

CoSDA-ML: Multi-Lingual Code-Switching Data Augmentation for Zero-Shot Cross-Lingual NLP

  • Libo Qin
  • Minheng Ni
  • Yue Zhang
  • Wanxiang Che

Multi-lingual contextualized embeddings, such as multilingual-BERT (mBERT), have shown success in a variety of zero-shot cross-lingual tasks. However, these models are limited by having inconsistent contextualized representations of subwords across different languages. Existing work addresses this issue by bilingual projection and fine-tuning technique. We propose a data augmentation framework to generate multi-lingual code-switching data to fine-tune mBERT, which encourages model to align representations from source and multiple target languages once by mixing their context information. Compared with the existing work, our method does not rely on bilingual sentences for training, and requires only one training process for multiple target languages. Experimental results on five tasks with 19 languages show that our method leads to significantly improved performances for all the tasks compared with mBERT.

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AAAI Conference 2020 Conference Paper

DCR-Net: A Deep Co-Interactive Relation Network for Joint Dialog Act Recognition and Sentiment Classification

  • Libo Qin
  • Wanxiang Che
  • Yangming Li
  • Mingheng Ni
  • Ting Liu

In dialog system, dialog act recognition and sentiment classification are two correlative tasks to capture speakers’ intentions, where dialog act and sentiment can indicate the explicit and the implicit intentions separately (Kim and Kim 2018). Most of the existing systems either treat them as separate tasks or just jointly model the two tasks by sharing parameters in an implicit way without explicitly modeling mutual interaction and relation. To address this problem, we propose a Deep Co-Interactive Relation Network (DCR-Net) to explicitly consider the cross-impact and model the interaction between the two tasks by introducing a co-interactive relation layer. In addition, the proposed relation layer can be stacked to gradually capture mutual knowledge with multiple steps of interaction. Especially, we thoroughly study different relation layers and their effects. Experimental results on two public datasets (Mastodon and Dailydialog) show that our model outperforms the state-of-the-art joint model by 4. 3% and 3. 4% in terms of F1 score on dialog act recognition task, 5. 7% and 12. 4% on sentiment classification respectively. Comprehensive analysis empirically verifies the effectiveness of explicitly modeling the relation between the two tasks and the multi-steps interaction mechanism. Finally, we employ the Bidirectional Encoder Representation from Transformer (BERT) in our framework, which can further boost our performance in both tasks.

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IJCAI Conference 2020 Conference Paper

Dialogue State Induction Using Neural Latent Variable Models

  • Qingkai Min
  • Libo Qin
  • Zhiyang Teng
  • Xiao Liu
  • Yue Zhang

Dialogue state modules are a useful component in a task-oriented dialogue system. Traditional methods find dialogue states by manually labeling training corpora, upon which neural models are trained. However, the labeling process can be costly, slow, error-prone, and more importantly, cannot cover the vast range of domains in real-world dialogues for customer service. We propose the task of dialogue state induction, building two neural latent variable models that mine dialogue states automatically from unlabeled customer service dialogue records. Results show that the models can effectively find meaningful dialogue states. In addition, equipped with induced dialogue states, a state-of-the-art dialogue system gives better performance compared with not using a dialogue state module.

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AAAI Conference 2020 Conference Paper

Span-Based Neural Buffer: Towards Efficient and Effective Utilization of Long-Distance Context for Neural Sequence Models

  • Yangming Li
  • Kaisheng Yao
  • Libo Qin
  • Shuang Peng
  • Yijia Liu
  • Xiaolong Li

Neural sequence model, though widely used for modeling sequential data such as the language model, has sequential recency bias (Kuncoro et al. 2018) to the local context, limiting its full potential to capture long-distance context. To address this problem, this paper proposes augmenting sequence models with a span-based neural buffer that efficiently represents long-distance context, allowing a gate policy network to make interpolated predictions from both the neural buffer and the underlying sequence model. Training this policy network to utilize long-distance context is however challenging due to the simple sentence dominance problem (Marvin and Linzen 2018). To alleviate this problem, we propose a novel training algorithm that combines an annealed maximum likelihood estimation with an intrinsic reward-driven reinforcement learning. Sequence models with the proposed span-based neural buffer significantly improve the state-of-the-art perplexities on the benchmark Penn Treebank and WikiText-2 datasets to 43. 9 and 35. 2 respectively. We conduct extensive analysis and confirm that the proposed architecture and the training algorithm both contribute to the improvements.

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