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Genta Indra Winata

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7 papers

2 author rows

ICLR Conference 2025 Conference Paper

MetaMetrics: Calibrating Metrics for Generation Tasks Using Human Preferences

Genta Indra Winata
David Anugraha
Lucky Susanto
Garry Kuwanto
Derry Tanti Wijaya

Understanding the quality of a performance evaluation metric is crucial for ensuring that model outputs align with human preferences. However, it remains unclear how well each metric captures the diverse aspects of these preferences, as metrics often excel in one particular area but not across all dimensions. To address this, it is essential to systematically calibrate metrics to specific aspects of human preference, catering to the unique characteristics of each aspect. We introduce MetaMetrics, a calibrated meta-metric designed to evaluate generation tasks across different modalities in a supervised manner. MetaMetrics optimizes the combination of existing metrics to enhance their alignment with human preferences. Our metric demonstrates flexibility and effectiveness in both language and vision downstream tasks, showing significant benefits across various multilingual and multi-domain scenarios. MetaMetrics aligns closely with human preferences and is highly extendable and easily integrable into any application. This makes MetaMetrics a powerful tool for improving the evaluation of generation tasks, ensuring that metrics are more representative of human judgment across diverse contexts.

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ICLR Conference 2025 Conference Paper

MMTEB: Massive Multilingual Text Embedding Benchmark

Kenneth C. Enevoldsen
Isaac Chung
Imene Kerboua
Márton Kardos
Ashwin Mathur
David Stap
Jay Gala
Wissam Siblini

Text embeddings are typically evaluated on a narrow set of tasks, limited in terms of languages, domains, and task types. To circumvent this limitation and to provide a more comprehensive evaluation, we introduce the Massive Multilingual Text Embedding Benchmark (MMTEB) -- a large-scale community-driven initiative expanding MTEB to over 500 quality-controlled evaluation tasks across 1,000+ languages. MMTEB includes a wide range of challenging novel tasks such as instruction following, long-document retrieval, and code retrieval, and represents the largest multilingual collection of evaluation tasks for embedding models to date. We use this collection to construct multiple highly multilingual benchmarks. We evaluate a representative set of models on these benchmarks. Our findings indicate that, while LLM-based models can achieve state-of-the-art performance on a subset of languages, the best-performing publicly available model across languages is the notably smaller, multilingual-e5-large-instruct. Massive benchmarks often impose high computational demands, limiting accessibility, particularly for low-resource communities. To address this, we downsample tasks based on inter-task correlation (i.e., selecting only a diverse set of tasks) while preserving relative rankings. We further optimize tasks such as retrieval by sampling hard negatives, creating smaller but effective splits. These optimizations allow us to introduce benchmarks at a significantly lower computational cost. For instance, we introduce a new zero-shot English benchmark that maintains a similar ordering at a fraction of the cost.

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JAIR Journal 2025 Journal Article

Preference Tuning with Human Feedback on Language, Speech, and Vision Tasks: A Survey

Genta Indra Winata
Hanyang Zhao
Anirban Das
Wenpin Tang
David D. Yao
Shi-Xiong Zhang
Sambit Sahu

Preference tuning is a crucial process for aligning deep generative models with human preferences. This survey offers a thorough overview of recent advancements in preference tuning and the integration of human feedback. The paper is organized into three main sections: 1) introduction and preliminaries: an introduction to reinforcement learning frameworks, preference tuning tasks, models, and datasets across various modalities: language, speech, and vision, as well as different policy approaches, 2) in-depth exploration of each preference tuning approach: a detailed analysis of the methods used in preference tuning, and 3) applications, discussion, and future directions: an exploration of the applications of preference tuning in downstream tasks, including evaluation methods for different modalities, and an outlook on future research directions. Our objective is to present the latest methodologies in preference tuning and model alignment, enhancing the understanding of this field for researchers and practitioners. We hope to encourage further engagement and innovation in this area. Additionally, we provide a GitHub link https://github.com/hanyang1999/Preference-Tuning-with-Human-Feedback.

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ICLR Conference 2025 Conference Paper

RainbowPO: A Unified Framework for Combining Improvements in Preference Optimization

Hanyang Zhao
Genta Indra Winata
Anirban Das
Shi-Xiong Zhang
David D. Yao
Wenpin Tang
Sambit Sahu

Recently, numerous preference optimization algorithms have been introduced as extensions to the Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) family. While these methods have successfully aligned models with human preferences, there is a lack of understanding regarding the contributions of their additional components. Moreover, fair and consistent comparisons are scarce, making it difficult to discern which components genuinely enhance downstream performance. In this work, we propose RainbowPO, a unified framework that demystifies the effectiveness of existing DPO methods by categorizing their key components into seven broad directions. We integrate these components into a single cohesive objective, enhancing the performance of each individual element. Through extensive experiments, we demonstrate that RainbowPO outperforms existing DPO variants. Additionally, we provide insights to guide researchers in developing new DPO methods and assist practitioners in their implementations.

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TMLR Journal 2023 Journal Article

Beyond the Imitation Game: Quantifying and extrapolating the capabilities of language models

Aarohi Srivastava
Abhinav Rastogi
Abhishek Rao
Abu Awal Md Shoeb
Abubakar Abid
Adam Fisch
Adam R. Brown
Adam Santoro

Language models demonstrate both quantitative improvement and new qualitative capabilities with increasing scale. Despite their potentially transformative impact, these new capabilities are as yet poorly characterized. In order to inform future research, prepare for disruptive new model capabilities, and ameliorate socially harmful effects, it is vital that we understand the present and near-future capabilities and limitations of language models. To address this challenge, we introduce the Beyond the Imitation Game benchmark (BIG- bench). BIG-bench currently consists of 204 tasks, contributed by 450 authors across 132 institutions. Task topics are diverse, drawing problems from linguistics, childhood develop- ment, math, common-sense reasoning, biology, physics, social bias, software development, and beyond. BIG-bench focuses on tasks that are believed to be beyond the capabilities of current language models. We evaluate the behavior of OpenAI's GPT models, Google- internal dense transformer architectures, and Switch-style sparse transformers on BIG-bench, across model sizes spanning millions to hundreds of billions of parameters. In addition, a team of human expert raters performed all tasks in order to provide a strong baseline. Findings include: model performance and calibration both improve with scale, but are poor in absolute terms (and when compared with rater performance); performance is remarkably similar across model classes, though with benefits from sparsity; tasks that improve gradually and predictably commonly involve a large knowledge or memorization component, whereas tasks that exhibit "breakthrough" behavior at a critical scale often involve multiple steps or components, or brittle metrics; social bias typically increases with scale in settings with ambiguous context, but this can be improved with prompting.

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AAAI Conference 2020 Conference Paper

Attention-Informed Mixed-Language Training for Zero-Shot Cross-Lingual Task-Oriented Dialogue Systems

Zihan Liu
Genta Indra Winata
Zhaojiang Lin
Peng Xu
Pascale Fung

Recently, data-driven task-oriented dialogue systems have achieved promising performance in English. However, developing dialogue systems that support low-resource languages remains a long-standing challenge due to the absence of highquality data. In order to circumvent the expensive and timeconsuming data collection, we introduce Attention-Informed Mixed-Language Training (MLT), a novel zero-shot adaptation method for cross-lingual task-oriented dialogue systems. It leverages very few task-related parallel word pairs to generate code-switching sentences for learning the interlingual semantics across languages. Instead of manually selecting the word pairs, we propose to extract source words based on the scores computed by the attention layer of a trained English task-related model and then generate word pairs using existing bilingual dictionaries. Furthermore, intensive experiments with different cross-lingual embeddings demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach. Finally, with very few word pairs, our model achieves signiﬁcant zero-shot adaptation performance improvements in both cross-lingual dialogue state tracking and natural language understanding (i. e. , intent detection and slot ﬁlling) tasks compared to the current state-of-the-art approaches, which utilize a much larger amount of bilingual data.

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AAAI Conference 2020 System Paper

CAiRE: An End-to-End Empathetic Chatbot

Zhaojiang Lin
Peng Xu
Genta Indra Winata
Farhad Bin Siddique
Zihan Liu
Jamin Shin
Pascale Fung

We present CAiRE, an end-to-end generative empathetic chatbot designed to recognize user emotions and respond in an empathetic manner. Our system adapts the Generative Pretrained Transformer (GPT) to empathetic response generation task via transfer learning. CAiRE is built primarily to focus on empathy integration in fully data-driven generative dialogue systems. We create a web-based user interface which allows multiple users to asynchronously chat with CAiRE. CAiRE also collects user feedback and continues to improve its response quality by discarding undesirable generations via active learning and negative training.

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