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Farhad Shakerin

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AAAI Conference 2021 Conference Paper

Knowledge-driven Natural Language Understanding of English Text and its Applications

Kinjal Basu
Sarat Chandra Varanasi
Farhad Shakerin
Joaquín Arias
Gopal Gupta

Understanding the meaning of a text is a fundamental challenge of natural language understanding (NLU) research. An ideal NLU system should process a language in a way that is not exclusive to a single task or a dataset. Keeping this in mind, we have introduced a novel knowledge driven semantic representation approach for English text. By leveraging the VerbNet lexicon, we are able to map syntax tree of the text to its commonsense meaning represented using basic knowledge primitives. The general purpose knowledge represented from our approach can be used to build any reasoning based NLU system that can also provide justification. We applied this approach to construct two NLU applications that we present here: SQuARE (Semantic-based Question Answering and Reasoning Engine) and StaCACK (Stateful Conversational Agent using Commonsense Knowledge). Both these systems work by “truly understanding” the natural language text they process and both provide natural language explanations for their responses while maintaining high accuracy.

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AAAI Conference 2019 Conference Paper

Induction of Non-Monotonic Logic Programs to Explain Boosted Tree Models Using LIME

Farhad Shakerin
Gopal Gupta

We present a heuristic based algorithm to induce nonmonotonic logic programs that will explain the behavior of XG- Boost trained classifiers. We use the technique based on the LIME approach to locally select the most important features contributing to the classification decision. Then, in order to explain the model’s global behavior, we propose the LIME-FOLD algorithm —a heuristic-based inductive logic programming (ILP) algorithm capable of learning nonmonotonic logic programs—that we apply to a transformed dataset produced by LIME. Our proposed approach is agnostic to the choice of the ILP algorithm. Our experiments with UCI standard benchmarks suggest a significant improvement in terms of classification evaluation metrics. Meanwhile, the number of induced rules dramatically decreases compared to ALEPH, a state-of-the-art ILP system.

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