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Eric D. Claus

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6 papers
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6

YNICL Journal 2021 Journal Article

Age dependent neural correlates of inhibition and control mechanisms in moderate to heavy drinkers

  • Megan Swartz
  • Finnigan Burton
  • Kishore Vakamudi
  • Kareem Al-Khalil
  • Katie Witkiewitz
  • Eric D. Claus

BACKGROUND: Long-term, heavy alcohol consumption has been associated with impairments in control over alcohol use, but whether this extends to other areas of cognitive and behavioral control such as response inhibition remains unclear. Understanding individual differences in the neural correlates of response inhibition will provide further insight into the neurobiology of heavy drinking. The current study investigated response inhibition in a large sample of moderate to heavy drinkers METHODS: One hundred fifty-three individuals completed a stop signal task while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. Multiple regression analyses focused on blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response contrasts of correct inhibition and failed inhibition as dependent variables and included age, sex, and hazardous drinking (as measured by the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT)), and their interactions, as independent variables RESULTS: Age was negatively associated with BOLD response in lateral inferior and middle frontal gyri, anterior cingulate cortex, and inferior parietal lobe for both successful inhibition and failed inhibition contrasts. In addition, there was a significant age × AUDIT interaction in the successful inhibition contrast in the left middle frontal gyrus, with significant negative correlations between AUDIT and BOLD response in older participants, and a significant positive correlation between AUDIT and BOLD response in younger participants CONCLUSIONS: Age appears to be a particularly important factor in predicting BOLD response and may be a critical variable to include in future studies of heavy drinking and alcohol use disorder, particularly those that assess cognitive function. Finally, the age × AUDIT interaction observed in the current study may represent evidence for accelerated aging effects of alcohol on cognitive function.

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YNICL Journal 2018 Journal Article

dACC response to presentation of negative feedback predicts stimulant dependence diagnosis and stimulant use severity

  • Eric D. Claus
  • Matthew S. Shane

Error-monitoring abnormalities in stimulant-dependent individuals (SDIs) may be due to reduced awareness of committed errors, or to reduced sensitivity upon such awareness. The distinction between these alternatives remains largely undifferentiated, but may have substantial clinical relevance. We sought to better characterize the nature, and clinical relevance, of SDIs' error-monitoring processes by comparing carefully isolated neural responses during the presentation of negative feedback to a) stimulant dependence status and b) lifetime stimulant use. Forty-eight SDIs and twenty-three non-SDIs performed an fMRI-based time-estimation task specifically designed to isolate neural responses associated with the presentation (versus expectation) of contingent negative feedback. SDIs showed reduced dACC response compared to non-SDIs following the presentation of negative feedback, but only when error expectancies were controlled. Moreover, lifetime stimulant use correlated negatively with magnitude of expectancy-controlled dACC attenuation. While this finding was minimized after controlling for age, these results suggest that SDIs may be characterized by a core reduction in neural activity following error feedback, in the context of intact feedback expectancies. Correlations with lifetime stimulant use suggest that this neural attenuation may hold clinical significance.

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