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D. Scheinost

Possible papers associated with this exact author name in Arrow. This page groups case-insensitive exact name matches and is not a full identity disambiguation profile.

3 papers

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YNICL Journal 2014 Journal Article

Optimizing real time fMRI neurofeedback for therapeutic discovery and development

L.E. Stoeckel
K.A. Garrison
S.S. Ghosh
P. Wighton
C.A. Hanlon
J.M. Gilman
S. Greer
N.B. Turk-Browne

While reducing the burden of brain disorders remains a top priority of organizations like the World Health Organization and National Institutes of Health, the development of novel, safe and effective treatments for brain disorders has been slow. In this paper, we describe the state of the science for an emerging technology, real time functional magnetic resonance imaging (rtfMRI) neurofeedback, in clinical neurotherapeutics. We review the scientific potential of rtfMRI and outline research strategies to optimize the development and application of rtfMRI neurofeedback as a next generation therapeutic tool. We propose that rtfMRI can be used to address a broad range of clinical problems by improving our understanding of brain-behavior relationships in order to develop more specific and effective interventions for individuals with brain disorders. We focus on the use of rtfMRI neurofeedback as a clinical neurotherapeutic tool to drive plasticity in brain function, cognition, and behavior. Our overall goal is for rtfMRI to advance personalized assessment and intervention approaches to enhance resilience and reduce morbidity by correcting maladaptive patterns of brain function in those with brain disorders.

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YNIMG Journal 2012 Journal Article

The intrinsic connectivity distribution: A novel contrast measure reflecting voxel level functional connectivity

D. Scheinost
J. Benjamin
C.M. Lacadie
B. Vohr
K.C. Schneider
L.R. Ment
X. Papademetris
R.T. Constable

Resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) holds promise as a clinical tool to characterize and monitor the phenotype of different neurological and psychiatric disorders. The most common analysis approach requires the definition of one or more regions-of-interest (ROIs). However this need for a priori ROI information makes rs-fMRI inadequate to survey functional connectivity differences associated with a range of neurological disorders where the ROI information may not be available. A second problem encountered in fMRI measures of connectivity is the need for an arbitrary correlation threshold to determine whether or not two areas are connected. This is problematic because in many cases the differences in tissue connectivity between disease groups and/or control subjects are threshold dependent. In this work we propose a novel voxel-based contrast mechanism for rs-fMRI, the intrinsic connectivity distribution (ICD), that neither requires a priori information to define a ROI, nor an arbitrary threshold to define a connection. We show the sensitivity of previous methods to the choice of connection thresholds and evaluate ICD using a survey study comparing young adults born prematurely to healthy term control subjects. Functional connectivity differences were found in hypothesized language processing areas in the left temporal–parietal areas. In addition, significant clinically-relevant differences were found between preterm and term control subjects, highlighting the importance of whole brain surveys independent of a priori information.

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YNIMG Journal 2009 Journal Article

DTI abnormalities in anterior corpus callosum of rats with spike–wave epilepsy

H. Chahboune
A.M. Mishra
M.N. DeSalvo
L.H. Staib
M. Purcaro
D. Scheinost
X. Papademetris
S.J. Fyson

Objective: Absence epilepsy is a common seizure disorder in children which can produce chronic psychosocial sequelae. Human patients and rat absence models show bilateral spike–wave discharges (SWD) in cortical regions. We employed diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in rat absence models to detect abnormalities in white matter pathways connecting regions of seizure activity. Methods: We studied Wistar albino Glaxo rats of Rijswijk (WAG/Rij), genetic absence epilepsy rats of Strasbourg (GAERS), and corresponding nonepileptic control strains. Ex vivo DTI was performed at 9. 4 T with diffusion gradients applied in 16 orientations. We compared fractional anisotropy (FA), perpendicular (λ ┴) and parallel (λ ║) diffusivity between groups using t-maps and region of interest (ROI) measurements. Results: Adult epileptic WAG/Rij rats exhibited a localized decrease in FA in the anterior corpus callosum. This area was confirmed by tractography to interconnect somatosensory cortex regions most intensely involved in seizures. This FA decrease was not present in young WAG/Rij rats before onset of SWD. GAERS, which have more severe SWD than WAG/Rij, exhibited even more pronounced callosal FA decreases. Reduced FA in the epileptic animals originated from an increased λ ┴ with no significant changes in λ ║. Interpretation: Reduced FA with increased λ ┴ suggests that chronic seizures cause reduction in myelin or decreased axon fiber density in white matter pathways connecting regions of seizure activity. These DTI abnormalities may improve the understanding of chronic neurological difficulties in children suffering with absence epilepsy, and may also serve as a noninvasive biomarker for monitoring beneficial effects of treatment.

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