Candace L. Sidner

AAMAS Conference 2016 Conference Paper

Expectedness in Human-Robot Collaboration (Extended Abstract)

• Mahni Shayganfar
• Charles Rich
• Candace L. Sidner

We have investigated the mutual influences of affective and collaborative processes in a cognitive theory to support interaction between humans and robots or virtual agents. We build primarily on the cognitive appraisal theory of emotions and the SharedPlans theory of collaboration to investigate the structure, fundamental processes and functions of emotions in a collaboration. We have developed the expectedness appraisal algorithm as part of a new overall computational model. We have evaluated our implemented algorithm by conducting an online user study.

IROS Conference 2012 Conference Paper

A design methodology for expressing emotion on robot faces

• Mohammad Shayganfar
• Charles Rich
• Candace L. Sidner

We have developed a systematic methodology for designing emotional facial expressions for humanoid robots, especially those with limited degrees of freedom. The methodology is firmly grounded in the psychological literature on human static and dynamic emotional facial expressions. We demonstrate the methodology by applying it to a recent humanoid robot and evaluate the results, confirming that the observed confusion matrix agrees qualitatively with the predictions of the methodology. We also investigate how robot facial emotion recognition compares for dynamic versus static expressions.

AIJ Journal 2005 Journal Article

Explorations in engagement for humans and robots

• Candace L. Sidner
• Christopher Lee
• Cory D. Kidd
• Neal Lesh
• Charles Rich

This paper explores the concept of engagement, the process by which individuals in an interaction start, maintain and end their perceived connection to one another. The paper reports on one aspect of engagement among human interactors—the effect of tracking faces during an interaction. It also describes the architecture of a robot that can participate in conversational, collaborative interactions with engagement gestures. Finally, the paper reports on findings of experiments with human participants who interacted with a robot when it either performed or did not perform engagement gestures. Results of the human–robot studies indicate that people become engaged with robots: they direct their attention to the robot more often in interactions where engagement gestures are present, and they find interactions more appropriate when engagement gestures are present than when they are not.

AAAI Conference 1994 Conference Paper

An Artificial Discourse Language for Collaborative Negotiation

• Candace L. Sidner

Collaborations to accomplish common goals necessitate negotiation to share and reach agreement on the beliefs that agents hold as part of the collaboration. Negotiation in communication can be simulated by a series of exchanges in which agents propose, reject, counterpropose or seek supporting information for beliefs they wish to be held mutually. In an artificial language of negotiation, messages display the state of the agents’ beliefs. Dialogues consisting of such messages clarify the means by which agents come to agree or fail to agree on mutual beliefs and individual intentions.

IJCAI Conference 1985 Conference Paper

Discourse Structure and the Proper Treatment of Interruptions

• Barbara J. Grosz
• Candace L. Sidner