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Bob Oranje

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9 papers

1 author row

YNICL Journal 2022 Journal Article

In-depth characterization of neuroradiological findings in a large sample of individuals with autism spectrum disorder and controls

Sara Ambrosino
Hasnaa Elbendary
Maarten Lequin
Dominique Rijkelijkhuizen
Tobias Banaschewski
Simon Baron-Cohen
Nico Bast
Sarah Baumeister

BACKGROUND: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of neurodevelopmental conditions associated with quantitative differences in cortical and subcortical brain morphometry. Qualitative assessment of brain morphology provides complementary information on the possible underlying neurobiology. Studies of neuroradiological findings in ASD have rendered mixed results, and await robust replication in a sizable and independent sample. METHODS: We systematically and comprehensively assessed neuroradiological findings in a large cohort of participants with ASD and age-matched controls (total N = 620, 348 ASD and 272 controls), including 70 participants with intellectual disability (47 ASD, 23 controls). We developed a comprehensive scoring system, augmented by standardized biometric measures. RESULTS: There was a higher incidence of neuroradiological findings in individuals with ASD (89.4 %) compared to controls (83.8 %, p = .042). Certain findings were also more common in ASD, in particular opercular abnormalities (OR 1.9, 95 % CI 1.3-3.6) and mega cisterna magna (OR 2.4, 95 % CI 1.4-4.0) reached significance when using FDR, whereas increases in macrocephaly (OR 2.0, 95 % CI 1.2-3.2), cranial deformities (OR 2.4, 95 % CI: 1.0-5.8), calvarian / dural thickening (OR 1.5, 95 % CI 1.0-2.3), ventriculomegaly (OR 3.4, 95 % CI 1.3-9.2), and hypoplasia of the corpus callosum (OR 2.7, 95 % CI 1.1-6.3) did not survive this correction. Furthermore, neuroradiological findings were more likely to occur in isolation in controls, whereas they clustered more frequently in ASD. The incidence of neuroradiological findings was higher in individuals with mild intellectual disability (95.7 %), irrespective of ASD diagnosis. CONCLUSION: There was a subtly higher prevalence of neuroradiological findings in ASD, which did not appear to be specific to the condition. Individual findings or clusters of findings may point towards the neurodevelopmental mechanisms involved in individual cases. As such, clinical MRI assessments may be useful to guide further etiopathological (genetic) investigations, and are potentially valuable to fundamental ASD research.

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YNICL Journal 2021 Journal Article

Developmental changes in fronto-striatal glutamate and their association with functioning during inhibitory control in autism spectrum disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder

Viola Hollestein
Jan K. Buitelaar
Daniel Brandeis
Tobias Banaschewski
Anna Kaiser
Sarah Hohmann
Bob Oranje
Bram Gooskens

H-MRS data and fMRI data separately as well as integrated in a multimodal analysis using linear models focusing on diagnosis and continuous measures of overlapping compulsivity symptoms. ACC glutamate was reduced over time in the ASD group compared with controls, while striatal glutamate decreased over time independent of diagnosis. Increased compulsive behavior seemed to be associated with increased striatal activity during failed inhibitory control. The integrated analyses showed differential involvement of increased striatal glutamate during failed but decreased striatal glutamate during successful inhibitory control in the OCD group compared to controls and ASD, suggesting different underlying mechanisms for OCD compared to ASD.

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YNICL Journal 2017 Journal Article

Development of cortical thickness and surface area in autism spectrum disorder

Vincent T. Mensen
Lara M. Wierenga
Sarai van Dijk
Yvonne Rijks
Bob Oranje
René C.W. Mandl
Sarah Durston

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder often associated with changes in cortical volume. The constituents of cortical volume - cortical thickness and surface area - have separable developmental trajectories and are related to different neurobiological processes. However, little is known about the developmental trajectories of cortical thickness and surface area in ASD. In this magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study, we used an accelerated longitudinal design to investigate the cortical development in 90 individuals with ASD and 90 typically developing controls, aged 9 to 20 years. We quantified cortical measures using the FreeSurfer software package, and then used linear mixed model analyses to estimate the developmental trajectories for each cortical measure. Our primary finding was that the development of surface area follows a linear trajectory in ASD that differs from typically developing controls. In typical development, we found a decline in cortical surface area between the ages of 9 and 20 that was absent in ASD. We found this pattern in all regions where developmental trajectories for surface area differed between groups. When we applied a more stringent correction that takes the interdependency of measures into account, this effect on cortical surface area retained significance for left banks of superior temporal sulcus, postcentral area, and right supramarginal area. These areas have previously been implicated in ASD and are involved in the interpretation and processing of audiovisual social stimuli and distinction between self and others. Although some differences in cortical volume and thickness were found, none survived the more stringent correction for multiple testing. This study underscores the importance of distinguishing between cortical surface area and thickness in investigating cortical development, and suggests the development of cortical surface area is of importance to ASD.

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YNICL Journal 2016 Journal Article

Brain development in adolescents at ultra-high risk for psychosis: Longitudinal changes related to resilience

Sanne de Wit
Lara M. Wierenga
Bob Oranje
Tim B. Ziermans
Patricia F. Schothorst
Herman van Engeland
René S. Kahn
Sarah Durston

BACKGROUND: The main focus of studies of individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis (UHR) has been on identifying brain changes in those individuals who will develop psychosis. However, longitudinal studies have shown that up to half of UHR individuals are resilient, with symptomatic remission and good functioning at follow-up. Yet little is known about brain development in resilient individuals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate differences in brain development between resilient and non-resilient individuals. METHODS: A six-year longitudinal structural MRI study was performed with up to three scans per individual. The final sample consisted of 48 UHR individuals and 48 typically developing controls with a total of 225 MRI-scans, aged 12-20 years at the time of the first MRI-scan and matched for age, gender and number of follow-up scans. At six-year follow-up, 35 UHR individuals were divided in resilient (good functional outcome) and non-resilient (poor functional outcome) subgroups, defined by the modified Global Assessment of Functioning. The main outcome measures were developmental changes in MR-based measures of cortical and subcortical anatomy. RESULTS: We found widespread differences in volume of frontal, temporal and parietal cortex between resilient and non-resilient individuals. These were already present at baseline and remained stable over development (12-24 years). Furthermore, there were differences in the development of cortical surface area in frontal regions including cingulate gyrus. CONCLUSIONS: Developmental differences may reflect compensatory neural mechanisms, where better functioning in resilient individuals leads to less tissue loss over development.

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YNICL Journal 2015 Journal Article

Capturing the dynamics of response variability in the brain in ADHD

Janna van Belle
Tamar van Raalten
Dienke J. Bos
Bram B. Zandbelt
Bob Oranje
Sarah Durston

ADHD is characterized by increased intra-individual variability in response times during the performance of cognitive tasks. However, little is known about developmental changes in intra-individual variability, and how these changes relate to cognitive performance. Twenty subjects with ADHD aged 7-24 years and 20 age-matched, typically developing controls participated in an fMRI-scan while they performed a go-no-go task. We fit an ex-Gaussian distribution on the response distribution to objectively separate extremely slow responses, related to lapses of attention, from variability on fast responses. We assessed developmental changes in these intra-individual variability measures, and investigated their relation to no-go performance. Results show that the ex-Gaussian measures were better predictors of no-go performance than traditional measures of reaction time. Furthermore, we found between-group differences in the change in ex-Gaussian parameters with age, and their relation to task performance: subjects with ADHD showed age-related decreases in their variability on fast responses (sigma), but not in lapses of attention (tau), whereas control subjects showed a decrease in both measures of variability. For control subjects, but not subjects with ADHD, this age-related reduction in variability was predictive of task performance. This group difference was reflected in neural activation: for typically developing subjects, the age-related decrease in intra-individual variability on fast responses (sigma) predicted activity in the dorsal anterior cingulate gyrus (dACG), whereas for subjects with ADHD, activity in this region was related to improved no-go performance with age, but not to intra-individual variability. These data show that using more sophisticated measures of intra-individual variability allows the capturing of the dynamics of task performance and associated neural changes not permitted by more traditional measures.

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YNICL Journal 2014 Journal Article

Developmental differences in higher-order resting-state networks in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Dienke J. Bos
Tamar R. van Raalten
Bob Oranje
Anouk R. Smits
Nieke A. Kobussen
Janna van Belle
Serge A.R.B. Rombouts
Sarah Durston

OBJECTIVE: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has been associated with a complex pattern of increases and decreases in resting-state functional connectivity. The developmental disconnection hypothesis of ASD poses that shorter connections become overly well established with development in this disorder, at the cost of long-range connections. Here, we investigated resting-state connectivity in relatively young boys with ASD and typically developing children. We hypothesized that ASD would be associated with reduced connectivity between networks, and increased connectivity within networks, reflecting poorer integration and segregation of functional networks in ASD. METHODS: We acquired resting-state fMRI from 27 boys with ASD and 29 age- and IQ-matched typically developing boys between 6 and 16 years of age. Functional connectivity networks were identified using Independent Component Analysis (ICA). Group comparisons were conducted using permutation testing, with and without voxel-wise correction for grey matter density. RESULTS: We found no between-group differences in within-network connectivity. However, we did find reduced functional connectivity between two higher-order cognitive networks in ASD. Furthermore, we found an interaction effect with age in the DMN: insula connectivity increased with age in ASD, whereas it decreased in typically developing children. CONCLUSIONS: These results show subtle changes in between network connectivity in relatively young boys with ASD. However, the global architecture of resting-state networks appeared to be intact. This argues against recent suggestions that changes in connectivity in ASD may be the most prominent during development.

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YNIMG Journal 2014 Journal Article

Typical development of basal ganglia, hippocampus, amygdala and cerebellum from age 7 to 24

Lara Wierenga
Marieke Langen
Sara Ambrosino
Sarai van Dijk
Bob Oranje
Sarah Durston

Developmental imaging studies show that cortical grey matter decreases in volume during childhood and adolescence. However, considerably less research has addressed the development of subcortical regions (caudate, putamen, pallidum, accumbens, thalamus, amygdala, hippocampus and the cerebellar cortex), in particular not in longitudinal designs. We used the automatic labeling procedure in FreeSurfer to estimate the developmental trajectories of the volume of these subcortical structures in 147 participants (age 7. 0–24. 3years old, 94 males; 53 females) of whom 53 participants were scanned twice or more. A total of 223 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans (acquired at 1. 5-T) were analyzed. Substantial diversity in the developmental trajectories was observed between the different subcortical gray matter structures: the volume of caudate, putamen and nucleus accumbens decreased with age, whereas the volume of hippocampus, amygdala, pallidum and cerebellum showed an inverted U-shaped developmental trajectory. The thalamus showed an initial small increase in volume followed by a slight decrease. All structures had a larger volume in males than females over the whole age range, except for the cerebellum that had a sexually dimorphic developmental trajectory. Thus, subcortical structures appear to not yet be fully developed in childhood, similar to the cerebral cortex, and continue to show maturational changes into adolescence. In addition, there is substantial heterogeneity between the developmental trajectories of these structures.

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YNIMG Journal 2014 Journal Article

Unique developmental trajectories of cortical thickness and surface area

Lara M. Wierenga
Marieke Langen
Bob Oranje
Sarah Durston

There is evidence that the timing of developmental changes in cortical volume and thickness varies across the brain, although the processes behind these differences are not well understood. In contrast to volume and thickness, the regional developmental trajectories of cortical surface area have not yet been described. The present study used a combined cross-sectional and longitudinal design with 201 MRI-scans (acquired at 1. 5-T) from 135 typically developing children and adolescents. Scans were processed using FreeSurfer software and the Desikan–Killiany atlas. Developmental trajectories were estimated using mixed model regression analysis. Within most regions, cortical thickness showed linear decreases with age, whereas both cortical volume and surface area showed curvilinear trajectories. On average, maximum surface area occurred later in development than maximum volume. Global gender differences were more pronounced in cortical volume and surface area than in average thickness. Our findings suggest that developmental trajectories of surface area and thickness differ across the brain, both in their pattern and their timing, and that they also differ from the developmental trajectory of global cortical volume. Taken together, these findings indicate that the development of surface area and thickness is driven by different processes, at least in part.

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YNIMG Journal 2011 Journal Article

Source localization of sensory gating: A combined EEG and fMRI study in healthy volunteers

Nikolaj Bak
Birte Y. Glenthoj
Egill Rostrup
Henrik B. Larsson
Bob Oranje

Reduced sensory gating appears to be among the core features in schizophrenia. The sources of sensory gating however are largely unknown. The aim of the current study was to identify these sources, with concurrent EEG and fMRI methodology. Twenty healthy male volunteers were tested with identical P50 suppression paradigms in two separate sessions: an EEG setting, and an EEG concurrent with fMRI setting. The stimuli in the P50 paradigm consisted of weak electrical stimulation of the left median nerve. The stimuli were presented in pairs with either 500ms or 1000ms interstimulus intervals (ISI). No difference was found between the EEG setting and the concurrent EEG and fMRI setting. P50 suppression was, in both settings, found only in the 500ms trials, not in the 1000ms trials. EEG-dipole modeling resulted in 4 sources located in the medial frontal gyrus, the insula, the hippocampus, and primary somatosensory cortex. These sources corresponded to significant fMRI clusters located in the medial frontal gyrus, the insula, the claustrum, and the hippocampus. Activity in the hippocampus and the claustrum was higher in the trials with suppression, suggesting that these brain areas are involved in the inhibitory processes of P50 suppression. The opposite was found for activity in the medial frontal gyrus and the insula, suggesting that these brain areas are involved in the generation of the P50 amplitude. To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating that P50 suppression can be reliably assessed inside an MRI scanner.

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