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B.J. Casey

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22 papers
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22

YNIMG Journal 2022 Journal Article

An open-access accelerated adult equivalent of the ABCD Study neuroimaging dataset (a-ABCD)

  • Kristina M. Rapuano
  • May I. Conley
  • Anthony C. Juliano
  • Gregory M. Conan
  • Maria T. Maza
  • Kylie Woodman
  • Steven A. Martinez
  • Eric Earl

As public access to longitudinal developmental datasets like the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development StudySM (ABCD Study®) increases, so too does the need for resources to benchmark time-dependent effects. Scan-to-scan changes observed with repeated imaging may reflect development but may also reflect practice effects, day-to-day variability in psychological states, and/or measurement noise. Resources that allow disentangling these time-dependent effects will be useful in quantifying actual developmental change. We present an accelerated adult equivalent of the ABCD Study dataset (a-ABCD) using an identical imaging protocol to acquire magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) structural, diffusion-weighted, resting-state and task-based data from eight adults scanned five times over five weeks. We report on the task-based imaging data (n = 7). In-scanner stop-signal (SST), monetary incentive delay (MID), and emotional n-back (EN-back) task behavioral performance did not change across sessions. Post-scan recognition memory for emotional n-back stimuli, however, did improve as participants became more familiar with the stimuli. Functional MRI analyses revealed that patterns of task-based activation reflecting inhibitory control in the SST, reward success in the MID task, and working memory in the EN-back task were more similar within individuals across repeated scan sessions than between individuals. Within-subject, activity was more consistent across sessions during the EN-back task than in the SST and MID task, demonstrating differences in fMRI data reliability as a function of task. The a-ABCD dataset provides a unique testbed for characterizing the reliability of brain function, structure, and behavior across imaging modalities in adulthood and benchmarking neurodevelopmental change observed in the open-access ABCD Study.

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YNIMG Journal 2019 Journal Article

Image processing and analysis methods for the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study

  • Donald J. Hagler
  • SeanN. Hatton
  • M. Daniela Cornejo
  • Carolina Makowski
  • Damien A. Fair
  • Anthony Steven Dick
  • Matthew T. Sutherland
  • B.J. Casey

The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study is an ongoing, nationwide study of the effects of environmental influences on behavioral and brain development in adolescents. The main objective of the study is to recruit and assess over eleven thousand 9-10-year-olds and follow them over the course of 10 years to characterize normative brain and cognitive development, the many factors that influence brain development, and the effects of those factors on mental health and other outcomes. The study employs state-of-the-art multimodal brain imaging, cognitive and clinical assessments, bioassays, and careful assessment of substance use, environment, psychopathological symptoms, and social functioning. The data is a resource of unprecedented scale and depth for studying typical and atypical development. The aim of this manuscript is to describe the baseline neuroimaging processing and subject-level analysis methods used by ABCD. Processing and analyses include modality-specific corrections for distortions and motion, brain segmentation and cortical surface reconstruction derived from structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI), analysis of brain microstructure using diffusion MRI (dMRI), task-related analysis of functional MRI (fMRI), and functional connectivity analysis of resting-state fMRI. This manuscript serves as a methodological reference for users of publicly shared neuroimaging data from the ABCD Study.

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YNIMG Journal 2016 Journal Article

The Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition, and Genetics (PING) Data Repository

  • Terry L. Jernigan
  • Timothy T. Brown
  • Donald J. Hagler
  • Natacha Akshoomoff
  • Hauke Bartsch
  • Erik Newman
  • Wesley K. Thompson
  • Cinnamon S. Bloss

The main objective of the multi-site Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition, and Genetics (PING) study was to create a large repository of standardized measurements of behavioral and imaging phenotypes accompanied by whole genome genotyping acquired from typically-developing children varying widely in age (3 to 20years). This cross-sectional study produced sharable data from 1493 children, and these data have been described in several publications focusing on brain and cognitive development. Researchers may gain access to these data by applying for an account on the PING portal and filing a data use agreement. Here we describe the recruiting and screening of the children and give a brief overview of the assessments performed, the imaging methods applied, the genetic data produced, and the numbers of cases for whom different data types are available. We also cite sources of more detailed information about the methods and data. Finally we describe the procedures for accessing the data and for using the PING data exploration portal.

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YNIMG Journal 2009 Journal Article

The bivalent side of the nucleus accumbens

  • Liat Levita
  • Todd A. Hare
  • Henning U. Voss
  • Gary Glover
  • Douglas J. Ballon
  • B.J. Casey

An increasing body of evidence suggests that the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) is engaged in both incentive reward processes and in adaptive responses to conditioned and unconditioned aversive stimuli. Yet, it has been argued that NAcc activation to aversive stimuli may be a consequence of the rewarding effects of their termination, i. e. , relief. To address this question we used fMRI to delineate brain response to the onset and offset of unpleasant and pleasant auditory stimuli in the absence of learning or motor response. Increased NAcc activity was seen for the onset of both pleasant and unpleasant stimuli. Our results support the expanded bivalent view of NAcc function and call for expansion of current models of NAcc function that are solely focused on reward.

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YNIMG Journal 2005 Journal Article

Contributions of the hippocampus and the striatum to simple association and frequency-based learning

  • Dima Amso
  • Matthew C. Davidson
  • Scott P. Johnson
  • Gary Glover
  • B.J. Casey

Using fMRI and a learning paradigm, this study examined the independent contributions of the hippocampus and striatum to simple association and frequency-based learning. We scanned 10 right-handed young adult subjects using a spiral in/out sequence on a GE 3. 0 T scanner during performance of the learning paradigm. The paradigm consisted of 2 cues that predicted each of 3 targets with varying probabilities. Simultaneously, we varied the frequency with which each target was presented throughout the task, independent of cue associations. Subjects had shorter response latencies to frequently occurring and highly associated target stimuli and longer response latencies to infrequent target stimuli, indicating learning. Imaging results showed increased caudate activity to infrequent relative to frequent targets and increased hippocampal activity to infrequent relative to frequent cue–target associations. This work provides evidence of different neural mechanisms underlying learning based on simple frequencies versus associations within a single paradigm.

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YNIMG Journal 2005 Journal Article

Intentional false responding shares neural substrates with response conflict and cognitive control

  • Jennifer Maria Nuñez
  • B.J. Casey
  • Tobias Egner
  • Todd Hare
  • Joy Hirsch

The ability to deceive others is a high-level social and cognitive function. It has been suggested that response conflict and cognitive control increase during deceptive acts but this hypothesis has not been evaluated directly. Using fMRI, we tested this prediction for the execution of an intentional false response. Subjects were instructed to respond truthfully or falsely to a series of yes/no questions that were also varied in autobiographical and nonautobiographical content to further examine the influence of personal relevance when lying. We observed an interference effect (longer reaction times for false versus true responses) that was accompanied by increased activation within the anterior cingulate, caudate and thalamic nuclei, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), a circuit that has been implicated in response conflict and cognitive control. Behavioral and neural effects were more robust when falsifying autobiographical responses relative to nonautobiographical responses. Furthermore, a correlation between reaction time and left caudate activity supported the presence of increased response inhibition when falsifying responses. When presented with self-relevant (autobiographical) stimuli regardless of response condition, the mesial prefrontal and posterior cingulate cortices were recruited. Neural activity within these two regions and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) also showed correlations with self-report personality measures from the Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI). Overall, we conclude that the process of interference is inherent to the act of falsifying information and that the amount of conflict induced and cognitive control needed to successfully execute false responses is greater when dealing with personal information.

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YNIMG Journal 2004 Journal Article

Differential cingulate and caudate activation following unexpected nonrewarding stimuli

  • M.C. Davidson
  • J.C. Horvitz
  • N. Tottenham
  • J.A. Fossella
  • R. Watts
  • A.M. Uluğ
  • B.J. Casey

This study examined the effects of varying the predictability of nonrewarding events on behavior and neural activation using a rapid mixed-trial functional magnetic resonance imagery (fMRI) design. Twelve adult subjects were scanned with echo planar imaging during performance of a visual detection task where the probability of events (target and nontarget) varied. This task included expected and unexpected nonrewarding events (expected target, unexpected nontarget, and omission of target) in a design that closely parallels studies of dopamine function and reward processing in the alert monkey. We predicted that activation in dopamine-rich areas of the forebrain would behave like the animal literature shows that dopamine neurons in the midbrain behave. Specifically, we predicted increased activity in these regions when an unexpected event occurred and decreased activity when an expected event was omitted. Two main regions, the anterior cingulate and dorsal striatum, showed this pattern. The response in these regions was distinguished by enhanced anterior cingulate activity following the occurrence of an unexpected event and greater suppression of caudate activity following the omission of an expected event. These results suggest that neural activity within specific dopamine-rich brain regions can be modulated by violations in the expectation of nonrewarding events and that the direction of the modulation depends on the nature of the violations.

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