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Alexandre Verine

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ICML Conference 2025 Conference Paper

Improving Diversity in Language Models: When Temperature Fails, Change the Loss

Alexandre Verine
Florian Le Bronnec
Kunhao Zheng
Alexandre Allauzen
Yann Chevaleyre
Benjamin Négrevergne

Increasing diversity in language models is a challenging yet essential objective. A common approach is to raise the decoding temperature. In this work, we investigate this approach through a simplistic yet common case to provide insights into why decreasing temperature can improve quality (Precision), while increasing it often fails to boost coverage (Recall). Our analysis reveals that for a model to be effectively tunable through temperature adjustments, it must be trained toward coverage. To address this, we propose rethinking loss functions in language models by leveraging the Precision-Recall framework. Our results demonstrate that this approach achieves a substantially better trade-off between Precision and Recall than merely combining negative log-likelihood training with temperature scaling. These findings offer a pathway toward more versatile and robust language modeling techniques.

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NeurIPS Conference 2023 Conference Paper

Precision-Recall Divergence Optimization for Generative Modeling with GANs and Normalizing Flows

Alexandre Verine
Benjamin Negrevergne
Muni Sreenivas Pydi
Yann Chevaleyre

Achieving a balance between image quality (precision) and diversity (recall) is a significant challenge in the domain of generative models. Current state-of-the-art models primarily rely on optimizing heuristics, such as the Fr\'echet Inception Distance. While recent developments have introduced principled methods for evaluating precision and recall, they have yet to be successfully integrated into the training of generative models. Our main contribution is a novel training method for generative models, such as Generative Adversarial Networks and Normalizing Flows, which explicitly optimizes a user-defined trade-off between precision and recall. More precisely, we show that achieving a specified precision-recall trade-off corresponds to minimizing a unique $f$-divergence from a family we call the \mbox{\em PR-divergences}. Conversely, any $f$-divergence can be written as a linear combination of PR-divergences and corresponds to a weighted precision-recall trade-off. Through comprehensive evaluations, we show that our approach improves the performance of existing state-of-the-art models like BigGAN in terms of either precision or recall when tested on datasets such as ImageNet.

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